A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



By RICHARD C. MCGREGOR. 



Class AVES. 



Oviparous, warm-blooded., amniotic vertebrates which have their an- 

 terior extremities transformed into wings. Metacarpus and fingers carry- 

 ing feathers or quills. With an intertarsal joint. Not more than four 

 toes of which the first is the hallux. (Gadow.) 



Subclass CARINATJl. 



Sternum with a keel; scapulae and coracoids fused forming an acute 

 or a right angle ; foramen ischiadicum present ; distal six or seve'n verte- 

 brae fused to form the pygostyle. 



Orders. 



a 1 . Hind toe connected by a web to the inner toe Pelecaniformes (p. 200) 



a 2 . Hind toe not connected by a web to the inner toe. 



6 1 . Nostrils tubular. 



c 1 . Bill strong and decidedly hooked at the tip Procellariformes (p. 84) 



c 2 . Bill weak, very small, gape very wide.. Caprimulgi in Coraciif ormes ( p. 295 ) 



6 2 . Nostrils not tubular. 



c 1 . Cutting edges of bill more or less distinctly fringed or serrated, tip of 



bill rounded Anseriformes(p. 184) 



c 2 . Cutting edges of bill not fringed. 



d 1 . Rectrices rudimentary; or if evident not prominent, being short, soft, 

 and hidden by the upper coverts. 



e 1 . Tarsus flat; toes lobed _., Colymbif ormes (p. 82) 



e z . Tarsus normal ; toes not lobed. 



f 1 . Hind toe wanting Hemipodii (p. 17) 



f 2 . Hind toe present. 



Excalfactoria and Megapodius in Gallif ormes (p. 9) 

 d 2 . Rectrices not rudimentary; if short not hidden by upper coverts. 

 e 1 . Anterior toes distinctly webbed and tarsus shorter than tail. 



Larif ormes (p. 85) 



e~. Anterior toes not distinctly webbed; or, if webbed, tarsus decidedly 

 longer than tail; or else bill extremely small with gape very broad 

 and deeply cleft. 



f. Lower portion of thighs naked; or, if feathered, the bill lengthened 

 and grooved along each side, the outer and middle toes separated 

 for their entire length. 



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