56 MANUAL OP PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Genus (ENOPOPELIA Blanford, 1898. 



Tail short and square, its feathers subequal; first primary nearly or 

 quite as long as the second. 



47. CENOPOPELIA HUMILIS (Temminck). 

 HED TUBTLE DOVE. 



Columba humilis TEMMINCK, PI. Col. (1824), 259. 

 Turtur humilis SALVADOBI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 21, 434. 

 Onopopelia humilis SHABPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 79. 



Onopopelia humulis MCGREGOR and WOBCESTEB, Hand-List (1906), 14 

 ( error ) . 



Bd-to ba-to de col-lar, Manila. 



Calayan (McGregor) ; Lubang ( McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Mollendorff, 

 Meyer, Steere Exp., Bourns d Worcester, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Mindoro (titeere 

 Exp., Bourns & Worcester). China, Japan, Indo-Chinese countries, eastern Ben- 

 gal, Andamans. 



Adult male. Back, wings, and under parts nearly uniform vinaceous- 

 red; upper parts darker, more reddish brown; head and sides of face 

 light slate-gray sharply separated from color of back by a narrow, black, 

 nuchal band; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish slate; 

 chin white or nearly so ; vent and under tail-coverts white ; alula, primary- 

 coverts, primaries, and secondaries blackish brown ; rectrices black below ; 

 three outer pairs with the terminal third white; three inner pairs with 

 terminal third pearl-gray; outermost pair with outer web all white; 

 middle pair brown above. Iris dark ; bill, legs, and nails black. Length, 

 215 to 240. Three males average: Wing, 138; tail, 90; exposed culmen, 

 14; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 25. 



Adult female. Color pattern as in the male but the vinaceous-red 

 replaced by earthy brown; under parts paler with a faint vinaceous 

 wash; head brown like the back. Three females average: Wing, 128; 

 tail, 77; exposed culmen, 14; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 24. 



Young. The young male is like the adult female but lacks the nuchal 

 band and under parts have no vinaceous wash ; wing-coverts and feathers 

 of breast tipped with yellowish brown. 



The eastern ruddy dove is one of the common doves in Luzon; it is 

 very abundant in open lowland country where it feeds upon the ground. 

 Like the barred and Dussumier's doves this species is common in the 

 vicinity of Manila ; many are sold in the markets throughout the year. 

 In the other islands it is very scarce. 



Genus SPILOPELIA Sundevall, 1873. 



Tail graduated ; its outermost feather 40 mm. shorter than the central 

 pair ; a wide band of feathers on neck with bifurcated tips. 



