140 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



black centers, taking the form of stripes on head and back, and of cross- 

 bars on scapulars; lower back dull ashy brown, with whitish edges; sides 

 of lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts white, the latter tinged with 

 rufous, and showing a few black bars; wing-coverts brown, with whitish 

 edgings, greater series tipped with white, forming a wing-bar; some of 

 the coverts rufous like the back, and some of the inner secondaries also 

 rufous on their edges; primary-coverts and quills darker brown, the 

 latter with white tips, primaries dark brown with white shafts; second- 

 aries fringed with white, more broadly on the shorter ones, which are white 

 at base of inner webs; tail-feathers ashy brown, with white fringes and 

 white shafts; head like the back, but showing less distinct blackish centers 

 to the feathers ; hind neck distinctly hoary, owing to the gray edgings of 

 feathers; sides of face and under surface rich vinous-chestnut; with more 

 or less distinct remains of hoary- margins; vent and under tail-coverts 

 white, the latter tinged with rufous, and having a few black bars; sides 

 of body and flanks pure white, the latter with a few black bars; under 

 wing-coverts and axillars pure white; lower primary -coverts and upper 

 surface of quills light ashy. Bill and feet black; iris hazel. Length, 

 188; culmen, 34; wing, 135; tail, 48; tarsus, 29; middle toe with claw, 25. 



"Adult female in summer plumage. Like the male but not so richly 

 colored, tint of the under surface duller chestnut, and not so vinous. 

 Length, 178; culmen, 35; wing, 124; tail, 46; tarsus, 29; middle toe 

 with claw, 25. 



"Adult in winter plumage. Ashy brown above, slightly mottled with 

 darker centers to the feathers; wing-coverts like the back; quills as in 

 the summer plumage; rump and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail- 

 feathers ashy brown, fringed with white, with white shafts, and a sub- 

 terminal bar of dusky blackish, the inner webs having a good deal of 

 white at the base ; lores dusky, with a supra-loral streak of white ; under 

 surface of body pure white, with tiny lines of dusky brown on the sides 

 of face, sides of neck, lower throat, and fore neck. 



"Young in first autumn plumage. Similar in general color to the 

 winter plumage of the adult, and distinguished by the absence of rufous 

 color in the plumage of the upper surface; on the under surface the 

 streaks on the fore neck are almost obsolete, and a fulvescent shade 

 overspreads fore neck and chest, in some specimens even extending to the 

 breast itself. On the upper surface it is very similar to the winter 

 plumage of the adult, but has always more distinct pale edgings to the 

 feathers, these being gradually fulvescent, while the mantle is decidedly 

 darker, being blackish, with pale margins to the feathers." (Sharpe.) 



So far as known this species is a rare winter visitant to the Philippine 

 Islands. 



