162 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



a a . Rectrices ten ; plumage more or less mottled or streaked, never white. 



ft 1 . Exposed culmen equal to or more than middle toe without claw; ,size much 



smaller; wing less than 220 mm. 

 c 1 . Culmen more than tarsus.* 



d 1 . Smaller; wing less than 160 mm Ixobrychus (p. 178) 



d*. Larger; wing more than 180 mm Dupetor (p. 182) 



c 3 . Culmen equal to or less than tarsus Nannocnus (p. 180) 



6 2 . Exposed culmen much less than middle toe without claw; size much greater; 

 wing more than 260 mm Botaurus (p. 183) 



Genus PYRRHERODIA Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870. 



This genus of large herons is distinguished by having the claws very 

 long ; hind toe contains its claw one and two- thirds times ; tarsus contains 

 the hind toe with claw one and one-half times. 



134. PYRRHERODIA MANILENSIS (Meyen). 

 EASTERN PURPLE HERON. 



Ardea purpurea var. manilensis MEYEN, Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. (1834), 16, 



suppl. 102. 



Phoyx manillensis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 63, pi. 1. 

 Ardea manillensis BLANFORD, Fauna Brit. India Bds. (1898), 4, 381. 

 Pyrrherodias manillensis SHABPE, Hand-List (1889), 1, 194; GATES, Cat. 



Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 111, MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List 



(1906), 32. 



La-pay, Ticao. 



Bohol (McGregor); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester) ; Catanduanes (White- 

 head) ; Leyte (Steere Exp.) ; Luzon (Meyen, Whitehead, McGregor) ; Marinduque 

 (Steere Exp.) ; Mindoro (Bourns d Worcester) ; Negros (Steere Exp., Bourns & 

 Worcester, Whitehead)', Palawan (Bourns d Worcester)-, Panay (Steere Exp., 

 Bourns d Worcester) ; Romblon (McGregor); Samar (Whitehead); Sibuyan 

 (McGregor) ; Tablas (Bourns d Worcester) ; Tawi Tawi (Bourns d Worcester) ; 

 Ticao (McGregor). Celebes, Indian and Malay Peninsulas, Ceylon, China, Greater 

 Sunda Islands. 



Adult male. "Forehead, crown, long occipital crest, a streak down 

 back of neck, one on each side of neck, and another on each side from 

 gape to nape slaty black; chin and throat white, rest of head and neck 

 ferruginous red, paler and buff on sides of head and middle of fore neck ; 

 long feathers overhanging upper breast buffy white, streaked with black 

 and chestnut ; lower hind neck, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, wings 

 and tail slaty gray, back darker; quills and tail-feathers blackish; 

 scapulars with long pointed rufous ends; middle of breast and abdomen 

 and lower tail-coverts slaty black; sides of breast rich chestnut; flanks 

 ashy gray; thigh-coverts cinnamon; wing-lining mostly ferruginous. 

 Length, 965; tail, 19; wing, 368; tarsus 140; bill from gape, 152." 

 (Blanford.) 



"Upper mandible dark brown, the margins dusky yellow as far back 



* See also footnote under Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, p. 179. 



