192 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



159. MARECA PENELOPE (Linnaeus). 

 EUROPEAN WIGEON. 



Anas penelope LINN^US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 126. 



Mareca penelope SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. ( 1895), 27, 227; SHARPE, 



Hand-List (1899), 1, 218; GATES, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 168; 



MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 37. 



Basilan (McGregor)-, Calayan (McGregor); Luzon ( Worcester) ; Mindanao 

 (Celestino). Palaearctic Region from Iceland to Kamtschatka, in winter to Ma- 

 deira, Abyssinia, Persia, northern India, Burma, China, Japan, Borneo; occurs as 

 a straggler in the Marshall Islands and North America. 



"Adult male. Forehead and top of head buff, rest of the head and 

 neck cinnamon, minutely spotted, especially round the eyes, with bottle- 

 green; chin and throat more or less black; mantle, back, and scapulars 

 gray, crossed with irregular zigzag lines of black; central tail-feathers 

 paler, almost whitish; lateral tail-feathers like the under tail-coverts, 

 black; lower fore neck and sides of breast vinaceous; middle of breast 

 and abdomen white; sides, flanks, and under wing-coverts gray, with 

 zigzag lines like the back; wing-coverts white, the largest tipped with 

 black; primaries uniform dark brown; outer webs of secondaries green, 

 forming a speculum, edged with black; black outer webs of secondaries 

 broadly edged with white; tail-feathers elongated, pointed, and nearly 

 black. Iris dark brown; bill bluish lead-color, tipped with black; legs, 

 toes, and their membranes dark brown. Length, 457; wing, 267; tail, 

 117; culmen, 39; tarsus, 39. 



"Female. Head and neck pale reddish brown, speckled with blackish ; 

 upper parts brown, each feather with pale whitish edges ; edges of scapulars 

 reddish brown; breast and sides reddish brown; under surface white; 

 under tail-coverts white, with irregular brown bars or spots; primaries 

 dark brown, secondaries dull black, slightly tipped with white; wing- 

 coverts like back, but the larger ones tipped with white ; tail dull grayish 

 brown. Iris brown; bill bluish black. 



"Young male. Resembles more or less the female." (Salvadori.) 



A male taken in Calayan in November measures : Length, 840 ; wing, 

 260 ; tail, 104 ; exposed culmen, 37. A specimen from Basilan 'is in very 

 poor plumage. 



Genus NETTIOIST Kaup, 1829. 



The members of this genus differ from Anas chiefly in being of .smaller 

 size and in having the bill narrower and shorter. 



