QUERQUEDULA. 195 



metallic gloss of any kind/ (Seebohm.) Tail brown with oblique buffish 

 spots or bars. Length, 533 to 597 ; wing, 244 to 256 ; middle tail-feathers, 

 114 to 127; culmen, 46 to 53; tarsus, 42. 



" 'Young in first plumage closely resembles adult females, but young 

 males may always be distinguished by having an alar speculum. 



ft 'Males in first nuptial plumage have pale margins to the wing-coverts, 

 and most of the feathers of the rump are broadly barred, instead of finely 

 vermiculated, with white. 



f< 'Adult males in molting plumage may be distinguished from adult 

 females by having an alar speculum, and being richer and darker in color. 



'' 'Young in down have the same pale spots on the upper parts as those 

 of the mallard, but the white on the throat and belly is slightly suffused 

 with gray instead of buff, and in addition to the dark lines passing 

 through the eye, a second dark line passes from the lores below the eye 

 to the nape/ (SeeboJim.) 



"According to some ornithologists, European specimens differ very 

 appreciably from North American in having a narrower speculum, but I 

 have failed to find that there is any appreciable difference." (Salvadori.) 



"Found in very large flocks on Manila Bay during January and Feb- 

 ruary but wild and difficult to kill/ 3 (Worcester.) 



Genus QUERQUEDULA Oken, 1817. 



This genus is very much like Nettion but the bill is broader, and instead 

 of being of the same width throughout, is wider toward the tip; the nail 

 also is broader. 



162. QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linnaeus). 

 ASIATIC BLUE-WINGED TEAL. 



Anas querquedula LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), T, 126. 



Querquedula circia SALVADOBI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1895), 27, 293; BLAN- 



FOBD, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1898), 4, 449, fig. 117 (head). 

 Querquedula querquedula SHABPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 220; GATES, Cat. 



Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 175; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List 



(1906), 38. 



Calayan (McGregor)-, Luzon (McGregor). Northern Europe and northern 

 Asia, wintering in northeastern Africa, Indian Peninsula, China, and Malay 

 Archipelago. 



"Adult male. Upper part of head and occiput brown-black; from 

 above eyes, on each side of head, a whitish band, extending to the sides 

 of occiput ; sides of head and upper part of neck chocolate-brown, streaked 

 with white; chin black; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, 

 each feather edged with grayish olive; scapulars elongated and pointed, 

 black, with a central stripe of white; breast with brown and black 

 crescentic bands, producing a scaly-like appearance; lower breast white; 

 abdomen, sides, and flanks white, waved with narrow blue lines; longer 



