200 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Order PELECAKIFORMES. 



CORMORANTS, DARTERS, GANNETS, FRIGATE BIRDS, AND PELICANS. 



Bill strong, either sharply pointed or hooked at tip; nostrils wanting 

 or obsolete; neck moderate to very long; all the toes united by a web; 

 chin naked and forming a more or less distensible pouch. Birds of large 

 size, seagoing and fish-eating. The totipalmate feet and obsolete nostrils 

 are the most obvious peculiarities of this order.* Eggs bluish or white, 

 with a white chalky covering. 



Families. 



a 1 . Tail not forked ; webs between toes entire or but slightly emarginate. 

 & 1 . Bill subcylindrical ; gular pouch small. 



c 1 . Bill strongly hooked Phalacrocoracidae (p. 200) 



c 2 . Bill sharply pointed. 



d l . Neck longer than body; bill slender, culmen nearly straight. 



Anhingid* (p. 202) 

 d*. Neck about one-half as long as body; bill heavy; culmen decurved for 



terminal fourth _ Sulidae (p. 203) 



b 3 . Bill greatly flattened, widened near tip; gular pouch very large. 



Pelecanidae (p. 208) 

 a 3 . Tail deeply forked; webs between toes deeply incised Fregatidae (p. 206) 



Family PHALACROCORACID^. 



Bill long and heavy; basal portion of culmen slightly concave, tip 

 strongly decurved and hooked; neck rather long; wings ample but not 

 reaching beyond base of tail, the latter rather long, its feathers graduated 

 and stiff; plumage largely black, at times partly white. 



Genus PHALACROCORAX Brisson, 17GO. 

 Characters same as those given for the Family. 



166. PHALACROCORAX CARBO (Linnanis). 

 COMMON CORMORANT. 



Pelecanus carlo LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 133. 



Phalacrocorax carlo GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 340, text fig. 

 1; GATES, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 198; SHARPE, Hand-List (1899), 

 1, 232; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 39. 



Ca-si-li, Manila, also applied to the darter. 



Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (McGregor) ; Ticao (McGregor). Europe, Africa,' 

 northern Asia, Greenland; eastern North America south to Georgia; Indian Penin- 

 sula to China and Australia. 



Adult in breeding plumage. Almost entirely black, with a slight oil- 

 green gloss on neck and under parts; chin dirty white, this color con- 

 tinued backward and upward on each side of neck to back of eye, forming 



* The Phcethontidce have the nostrils open and the interramal space feathered. 

 No member of this family has been reported from the Philippine Islands. 



