208 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



a trace of metallic gloss; breast, sides of belly, flanks, and a wide collar 

 round the neck white; lesser and median wing-coverts pale brown, with 

 whitish margins and deep brown shaft-stripes; plumage otherwise like 

 that of the male. Iris red; bill gray; bare skin round the eye and on 

 the throat red, but not so light as that of the male; feet red. Length, 

 about 760; culmen from feathers on forehead, 81 to 91 ; wing, 510 to 528 ; 

 tail, 287 to 343; tarsus, 18. 



"Male and female immature. Head and neck white, shading into 

 brown on the chest, breast, sides of belly, lower neck, and upper parts; 

 middle of belly and flanks white. It will thus be seen that the colors of 

 the above parts are just the reverse of those of the adult female, the white 

 parts being dark and vice versa; rest of the plumage much like that of 

 the adult female. Iris black ; bill and feet whitish with a shade of blue." 

 (Grant.) 



"Not infrequently seen singly or in small flocks, but very difficult to 

 kill." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



Family PELECANID^. 



Body large and heavy ; upper mandible depressed, narrower and higher 

 at base, broader and flattened toward the end, composed of a median 

 bar, continuing the whole length of the bill and terminating in a strongly 

 hooked nail, and of two lateral portions each separated from the median 

 bar by a very narrow groove, in the basal part of which the small nostril 

 opens; lower mandible thin, of two flexible arches supporting a large 

 pouch of naked membrane. 



Genus PELECANUS Linnaus, 1758. 

 Characters same as those given for the Family. 



172. PELECANUS PHILI PPENSIS Gmelin. 

 SPOTTED-BILLED PELICAN. 



Pelecanus phiUppensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat. (1788), 1, pt. 2, 571; GRANT, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1898), 26, 471; SHABPE, Hand-List (1899), 1, 

 238; GATES, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 217; MCGREGOR, Bull. Phil- 

 ippine Mus. (1904), 4,' 14, pis. 3 & 4; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, 

 Hand-List (1906), 40; DUBOIS, Genera Avium, Pelecanidce (1907), 3, 

 pi. fig. 4. 



I'rlccaints manillensis GATES. Birds Brit. Burmah (1883), 2, 236; HUME, 

 Nests & Eggs Ind. Bds. Gates ed. (1890), 3, 276. 



Pa-ga'-la, Manila. 



Luzon (tionnerat, McGregor, Worcester) ; Mindanao (Meafns). India and Cey- 

 lon, south to Burmah and Malay Peninsula, east to China and Hainan. 



"Adult in breeding plumage. (September to February). General 

 color pure white; forehead, top of head, fairly long crest, cheeks, and 

 neck covered with dense curly, very soft, pure white feathers, with their 

 black bases more or less visible; hind neck, from crest to upper back, 



