216 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



The measurements given by Sharpe are as follows : "Male, length, 571 ; 

 culmen, 39; wing, 406 ; tail, 254; tarsus, 86. Female, length, 584; wing, 

 432; tail, 279; tarsus, 96." 



The young of Circus spilonotus and C. ceruginosus are similar in 

 plumage and as the size is also nearly the same it is a matter of some 

 difficulty to distinguish between them. Sharpe identified as C. cerugi- 

 nosus a young female collected in the Philippines by Cuming, but he 

 finally referred it to C. spilonotus. Whitehead obtained an immature 

 male in northern Luzon which according to Grant "is undoubtedly refer- 

 able to the present species [ceruginosus'] " Concerning the specimen from 

 Calayan Sulu, collected by Mearns, Dr. Chas. W. Richmond writes that 

 "it may prove to be spilonotus" Hartert makes no comment on the 

 specimen collected by Everett in Mindoro. 



Some of the numerous brown marsh hawks in the Bureau of Science 

 collection may be of this species but they can not be determined at 

 present. 



Genus ASTUR Lacepede, 1799. 



Bill small and compressed, upper mandible with a deep notch or a 

 strong sinuation near its tip ; first primary short, third or fourth longest ; 

 tarsus rather long and with transverse plates in front and behind but 

 the division lines between plates very obscure. 



Species. 



a 1 . Larger, length more than 330 mm.; under parts white, barred with brown or 

 pale rufous .. trivirgatus (p. 216) 



8 . Smaller; length less than 330 mm.; under parts not barred. 



ft 1 . Breast light chestnut soloensis (p. 217) 



6 2 . Breast light gray cuculoides (p. 218) 



17<. ASTUR TRIVIRGATUS (Temminck). 

 CRESTED GOSHAWK. 



Falco trivirgatus TEMMINCK, PI. Col. (1824), 1, pi. 303. 



Astur trivirgatus SHABPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1874), 1, 105; Hand-List 



(1899), 1, 249; GATES, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1902), 2, 243; MCGREGOR 



and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 41. 



Balabac (Everett) ; Leyte (Everett) ; Mindanao (Everett, Steere Exp., Platen, 

 Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, Goodfellow) ; Palawan (Whitehead, Platen)-, 

 Samar (Bourns & Worcester, Whitehead). Indian Peninsula, Indo-Malayan Is- 

 lands, Ceylon, Formosa. 



"Adult male. Above slaty gray, the upper tail-coverts blackish and 

 tipped with white; head and neck clearer slaty gray, including a con- 

 spicuous occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged witli 

 rufous; quills browner than the back, primaries with rufescent shafts, 

 barred above with dark brown, much plainer underneath, where the 

 quills are white at the base of the inner web; tail ashy brown, paler at 

 tip, crossed witli four bands of dark brown ; throat white, with a distinct 



