328 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



about 950; wing, 410; tail, 350; bill from nostril, 160; greatest length 

 of casque, 160; greatest width of casque, 52; tarsus, 60. 



"Adult female. Similar to the male. Length, 914; wing, 381; tail, 

 295; tarsus, 56. 



"Young. Cheeks and upper parts of head blackish; rest of head and 

 neck, rump, thighs, crissum, and under tail-coverts yellowish white mixed 

 with rufous; breast and belly yellowish white mixed with blackish gray; 

 back, wing-coverts, scapulars, and outer secondaries reddish brown, the 

 wing-coverts tipped and the scapulars and secondaries margined with 

 buff; primaries and rest of secondaries brownish black, margined on the 

 outer web and tipped with buff; basal two-thirds of tail-feathers reddish 

 brown, margined in all except the middle pair with black. Bill and 

 casque dark black, except the base of the lower mandible and the extreme 

 tip of the bill, which are blood-red." (Grant.) 



The three Philippine species of Hydrocorax do not differ in colors but 

 they are easily distinguished by the color and shape of the bill and its 

 casque. These large hornbills frequent forest, where they feed on fruits, 

 usually in high trees. Their call is loud and penetrating and may be 

 heard at a great distance. Their flight is rather labored and produces a 

 great noise. 



290. HYDROCORAX MINDANENSIS (Tweeddale). 

 MINDANAO CALAO. 



Buceros mindanensis TWEEDDALE, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877), 543; Challenger 

 Report, Zool. (1881), 2, pt. 8, pi. 3. 



Hydrocorax mindanensis GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 17, 359; 

 SHABPE, Hand-List (1900), 2, 64; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand- 

 List (1906), 55. 



Basilan (Everett, Steere Exp., Bourns d Worcester, McGregor] ; Mindanao 

 (Murray, Everett, Koch & Schadenberg, Steere Exp., Bourns d Worcester, Good- 

 fellow, Celestino ) . 



Adult. Plumage as in H. hydrocorax but casque much narrower and 

 bill with distal two- thirds white. "Naked skin round eye sooty black, 

 yellow just before the eye, gular skin yellow; iris light yellow (light 

 green in living bird); feet coral-red; nails dark brownish gray." 

 (Everett.) Length of male, about 915; wing, 390; tail, 300; bill from 

 nostril, 155; greatest length of casque, 136; greatest width of casque, 42 ; 

 tarsus, 52. Length of female, 863; wing, 365; tail, 290; bill from 

 nostril, 136; greatest length of casque, 124; greatest width of casque, 

 39 ; tarsus, 48. 



"Young. Upper part of head and cheeks black; feathers on chin and 

 breast white, blackish gray at base ; rest of head, neck, rump, belly, flanks, 

 and tail-coverts white mixed with rufous;' back, upper wing-coverts, 

 scapulars, and outer secondaries brown, the three latter widely tipped. 



