392 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



Order PICIFORMES. 



WOODPECKERS, 



Bill strong and tapering, neither hooked nor cered ; its outlines straight 

 or nearly so, its tip compressed and chisel-shaped; legs rather short; 

 feet and nails strong ; two toes in front, two or rarely one behind, all free 

 to their bases. 



Suborder PICI. 



Characters same as those given for the Order. 



Family PICIDJE. 

 Subfamily PICIN^G. 



Tail-feathers twelve, more or less wedge-shaped at their tips, the shafts 

 large and very stiff. 



Genera. 



a 1 . Three toes Tiga (p. 398) 



a . Four toes. 



ft 1 . Much smaller, length less than 180 mm Yungipicus (p. 392) 



b". Much larger, length more than 250 mm. 



c 1 . Fore breast and throat marked with large, nearly round, whitish spots; 

 each feather narrowly edged with blackish brown. 



Chrysocolaptes (p. 399) 

 c 2 . Fore breast and throat without large round white spots. 



d l . Abdomen, flanks, and thighs black or slate-gray, uniform in color with 



the chest. 

 e 1 . Smaller, wing less than 180 mm.; most of the plumage black. 



Lichtensteinipicus (p. 403) 

 e 2 . Larger, wing more than 210 mm.; most of the plumage slate-gray. 



Mulleripicus (p. 404) 

 d 2 . Abdomen, flanks, and thighs white or whitish; chest black. 



Thriponax (p. 405) 



Genus YUNGIPICUS Bonaparte, 1854. 



Culmen nearly straight; nasal ridge weak; nostrils hidden; first pri- 

 mary short and slender ; second primary nearly equal to third, fourth, and 

 fifth which are subequal ; upper parts black or brown, more or less barred 

 with white or ocherous- white ; below white or buff with blackish spots 

 and stripes; wings and tail black or blackish brown, more or less barred 

 with white; females with no red on the head. This genus includes the 

 smallest Philippine woodpeckers; length, about 150 mm. 



