PYCNONOTUS. 517 



Two eggs were collected by Whitehead near Paranas, Samar, on June 

 24, 1896. Steere took three eggs at Dumaguete, Negros, February 11, 

 1888, and four eggs in Marinduque, May 12, 1888. The two eggs from 

 Samar are thus described: "Shape ovate. Ground-color pale pinkish 

 white, very thickly mottled all over with light red and underlying grayish 

 lavender blotches. Measurements 21 mm. by 15 mm. 



"Nest cup-shaped, built of fine roots, and placed in a low tree about 

 five feet [1.5 meters] from the ground in an open situation." (Grant 

 and Whitehead.) 



493. PYCNONOTUS CINEREIFRONS ( Tweeddale ) . 

 ASHY-FRONTED BULBUL. 



Brachypus cinereifrons TWEEDDALE, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1878), 617. 

 Pycnonotus cinereifrons SIIARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1881), 6, 153; 

 Hand-List (1901), 3, 332; McGBEGOE and WORCESTER, Hand-List 



(1906), 80. 



Calamianes (Bourns cC- Worcester] ; Palawan (Everett, Whitehead, Platen, 

 Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor, Celcsiino, White). 



Adult (sexes alike). Above dull olive-green; feathers on top of head 

 with dark centers and gray edges ; ear-coverts brown with distinct whitish 

 shaft-lines; cheeks brown, streaked with gray; chin and throat whitish; 

 breast and sides ashy brown, slightly washed with olivaceous; abdomen 

 buffy white ; flanks brown ; thighs and crissum buff ; wings and tail brown, 

 most of the feathers edged with dull olive-green; wing-coverts entirely 

 olive-green; axillars and wing-lining light yellow. ' Length, about 190. 

 A male measures: Wing, 84; tail, 76; culmen from base, 16; bill from 

 nostril, 11; tarsus, 19. A female, wing, 80; tail, 73; culmen from base, 

 18; bill from nostril, 11; tarsus, 20. 



"Four males from Calamianes average: Length, 190; wing, 86; tail, 

 78; culmen, 22; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 20. Three females, 

 length, 189; wing, 83; tail, 79; culmen, 20; tarsus, 19; middle toe with 

 claw, 20. Both males and females from Palawan average sligthly less 

 in length; other measurements are about the same. Bill nearly black; 

 iris, legs, feet, and nails brown." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



Family TIMELIID^l. 



Bill slender, rarely decidedly strong, never broad; culmen more or less 

 ridged, curved at tip; a slight notch near tip of upper mandible; gonys 

 slightly to somewhat strongly curved; culmen from base less than tarsus; 

 nostril opening covered by a flat scale or partly closed by a membrane; 

 rictal bristles evident, but seldom greatly developed ; wings short, rounded, 

 and curved to the body; first, second, and third primaries very unequal 

 and much shorter than longest quill; tarsus and toes long; tarsus booted 

 or with obsolete divisions. 



