548 MANUAL OF PHILIl'PIXi; I'.IKhS. 



primary 19 to 12.7 mm. Legs, feet, and claws pair In-own. Win*:, rj!.: 

 to 119; tail, 99 to 84; culmen, 29 to 23; tarsus, 30 to 29. 



"The female differs from the male in having the parts which are 

 slate-gray replaced by russet-brown, and in having the center of the 

 throat grayish white, and the cheeks and sides of the throat with brown 

 fan-shaped terminal spots. Males of the year have the plumauv <>!' the 

 female, and the greater wing-coverts with more or less conspicuous pale 

 tips. Young in first plumage are unknown." (Seebohm.) 



A female from Calayan measures: \Vin<r. 122; tail, 87; culim-n from 

 base, 23; bill from nostril, 14; tarsus, 30. 



531. TURDUS CHRYSOLAUS Temminck. 

 JAPANESE BKOWN THBTTSH. 



Turdus chrysolaus TEMMINCK, PI. Col. (1831), 2, 537; WHITEHEAD, Ibis 

 (1899), 213; SHABPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 139; GATES and REID, Cat. 

 Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 119, pi. 6, figs. 15 and 18; MCGBEGOB and WOR- 

 CESTER, Hand-List (1906), 84. 



Merula chrysolaus SEEBOHM, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 5, 275. 



Pir-pi-ru-ca, Calayan. 



Calayan (McGregor); Luzon ( Whitehead). Japan, Hainan, and Eastern Sibe- 

 ria; in winter to Formosa and China. 



"In the adult male the general color of the upper parts is russet- 

 brown, tinged with gray on the head ; lores very dark brown ; ear-coverts 

 brown; scarcely a trace of eye-stripe; wings brown, the primaries, pri- 

 mary-coverts, and alula feathers with the outer webs slaty hi own; the 

 secondaries, greater, median, and lesser wing-coverts with outer webs 

 russet-brown; tail brown, the outer web of each feather margined with 

 olive-brown; inner web of the outside tail-feathers narrowly margined 

 with white; throat and" cheeks sooty brown, shading into chestnut-brown 

 on the breast, and into deep rich chestnut on the flanks, leaving the belly 

 white; under tail-coverts white, with the basal half edged with brown; 

 axillars and under wing-coverts edged with pale slate-gray, obscurely 

 tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale slaty brown. Bill dark 

 brown, yellow at the base of the under mandible. Wings with the third 

 and fourth primaries nearly equal and longest, second primary between 

 the fourth and fifth, or fifth and sixth, bastard primary 18 to 16.5 mm. 

 Legs, feet, and claws pale brown. Wing, 127 to 117; tail, 91 to 79; 

 culmen, 22.6 to 19; tarsus, 33 to 29. 



"The female has no gray on the head or wings, the upper throat is 

 nearly white, and the feathers of the cheeks and the center of the 

 throat are white, with dark brown, fan-shaped terminal spots. Males of 

 the year resemble females. Young in first plumage are unknown." 

 (Seebohm.) 



