556 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



the axillaries and under wing- and tail-coverts; each feather on the 

 under parts has a dark brown subterniinal transverse band, which on the 

 throat is continued on the margins of the feathers; the axillars and the 

 under tail-coverts have several transverse dark bars. After the autumn 

 molt the only perceptible difference in the female is that the pale brown 

 margins of the feathers are somewhat longer. Males of the year scarcely 

 differ from adult females, excepting in having the ground-color of the 

 under parts, especially on the breast and belly, tinged with blue. Females 

 of the year have the ground-color of the upper parts brown, only slightly 

 tinged with blue on the wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts. 

 Young in first plumage differ very slightly from the females of the year, 

 but have scarcely a trace of blue." (Seebohm.) 



A young female from Calayan is brown, slightly washed with dull 

 blue on mantle and back; feathers of mantle, back, and tail-coverts with 

 subterminal blackish bars and gray tips; under parts ocherous buff the 

 feathers with subterminal blackish bars ; wings black, the feathers tipped 

 with white and edged with gray, tail similar; wing-lining, axillars, and 

 crissum richer ocherous barred with black. 



"Curiously enough" this bird is called 'solitaria' by the natives of 

 Negros on account of its habits. Always seen singly or in pairs. Com- 

 mon in the villages, especially about old churches. Also abundant on 

 the rocks along the seashore and in open country in general ; never found 

 in the forest. Iris dark brown; bill, legs, feet, and nails black; food, 

 insects. 



"Six males average, 210 in length; wing, 111; tail, 85; colmen, 23; 

 tarsus, 27; middle toe with claw, 26. Four females, length, 210; wing, 

 111; tail, 84; culmen, 23; tarsus, 27; middle toe with daw, 27." 

 (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



A specimen from Bataan Province, Luzon, appears to be much nearer 

 Petrophila cyanus (Linnaeus) than P. manillensis; the under parts are 

 blue with the chestnut restricted to the axillars, wing-lining, crissum, 

 and a few feathers in the middle of abdomen. 



Subfamily RUTICILLIN^E. 



Nearly all the members of this subfamily are considerably smaller 

 than any of the Turdince. There is much diversity in the color pattern 

 as well as in the length and shape of the tail. The species are mostly 

 terrestrial. 



