CEPHALOPHONEUS. 593 



but generally with 'a large creamy patch on the lores, and a white half- 

 eyebrow in rear of the eye-line' (Swinhoe) ; bill bluish black. The 

 measurements are the same as in the male. 



''Observation. Consul Swinhoe observes 'that the sexes are alike, the 

 males being more richly colored/ This, however, holds good only with 

 old females in breeding plumage, since in winter (as proved by all the 

 specimens from Malacca and Borneo) the female closely resembles the 

 young and immature birds, the black frontal band and the gray of the 

 head and neck being replaced by the reddish brown black-barred coloration 

 of the back, while the region above the ear-coverts and above the eye is 

 creamy instead of reddish brown. 



"Immature bird. General color of the whole upper surface of the 

 body reddish brown, which color is more fulvous and grayish on the 

 head and neck, passing into chestnut-brown on the rump and upper tail- 

 coverts ; each feather has several very distinct black or dark-brown cross- 

 bars, and is mottled with small creamy or almost white spots; again, the 

 shafts of the feathers being white, the upper parts of the body, especially 

 the mantle and neck, exhibit a rather densely spotted aspect, thus 

 differing from the adult female in summer plumage; no frontal band; 

 the forehead, the region round the eye, and ear-coverts whitish mottled 

 with brownish; throat, middle of abdomen, under tail- and under wing- 

 coverts uniform cream-color ; all the rest of the under parts and sides of 

 the neck densely marked with blackish brown vermiculations. Bill pale 

 horny brown; feet more bluish." (Gadow.) 



"The tiger shrike is included in this list solely on the authority of 

 Blaaius. As it occurs in Borneo its presence in the Sulu group would 

 not be suprising, but we failed to find it." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



Genus CEPHALOPHONEUS Fitzinger, 1863. 



Forehead black ; crown either black or dark slate-gray ; without a white 

 eyebrow.* 



Species. 



a 1 . Tail much shorter, less than 100 mm.; crown, neck, and back nearly uniform 



slaty gray validirostris (p. 594) 



a 2 . Tail much longer, more than 120 mm.; crown and neck black, back light gray. 



6 1 . Scapulars, back, and rump darker; abdomen white nasutus (p. 594) 



6 2 . Scapulars, back, and rump lighter; abdomen pinkish vinaceous. 



suluensis (p. 595) 



* 1 follow Sharpe in alloting Lanius validirostris and L. nasutus to Cepha- 

 lophoneus. The type of this genus is said to be Lanius bucephalus, a species 

 resembling Lanius validirostris in length of tail and turgidity of bill. These two 

 species appear to be congeneric. In L. nasutus, however, the tail is much longer; 

 the rectrices are more strongly graduated and relatively narrower. Possibly 

 another genus should be recognized for nasutus and suluensis. 



