598 MANUAL OP PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



wing pale creamy white; all the rest of the under parts more strongly 

 washed with creamy or even with rufous, and marked with numerous 

 dark brown cross-vermiculations ; bill brown, lighter at base." (Gadow.) 

 "One of the commonest of Philippine birds. Doubtless occurs on every 

 island of the group. Found in open fields, where it perches on stones, 

 weeds, bushes, etc. It is a very noisy, quarrelsome bird, and a vicious 

 fighter when snared or wounded. Five males average: Length, 186; 

 wing, 85; tail, 84; culmen, 20; tarsus, 23; middle toe with claw, 22. 

 Five females, length, 188 ; wing, 86 ; tail, 82.5 ; culmen, 20 ; tarsus, 23 ; 

 middle toe with claw, 21." (Bourns and Worcester MS.) 



582. OTOMELA CRISTATA (Linnaeus). 

 BROWN SHBIKE, 



Lanius cristatus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 93; GADOW, Cat. 



Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 271; DRESSER, Man. Palseartic Bds. (1902), 



1, 240. 

 Otomela cristata SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 288; GATES and REID, Cat. 



Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 290; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List 



(1906), 92. 



Asia, from the Yenesei to Kamchatka and Dauria, and from Yarkand to the 

 east coast of China; wintering in India, Ceylon, the Andamans, Burma, the Malay 

 Peninsula, and as far south as Java. (Dresser.) Borneo and Philippine Islands 

 in winter. (Sharpe.) 



"Male adult (Dauria). Upper parts reddish brown, more rufous on 

 the crown; wings dark brown margined with rufous, the lesser wing- 

 coverts like the back; no white alar speculum; tail reddish brown, paler 

 at the tip ; lores and a patch passing through the eye and extending over 

 the ear-coverts black; forehead, supercilium, cheeks, chin, and throat 

 white; rest of the under parts rufous-buff. Bill pale plumbeous, the 

 upper mandible from the nostril, and the tip of the lower mandible dark 

 horn; legs bluish brown; iris dark brown; evelids plumbeous. Culmen, 

 17.7; wing, 89; tail, 91; tarsus, 25.4. 



"The female has the supercilium creamy white, the under parts 

 isabelline, the flanks rufous-buff, these and the breast faintly vermicu- 

 lated, and the young have the upper parts distinctly barred and the 

 under parts vermiculated with dark brown." (Dresser.) 



583. OTOMELA SUPERCILIOSA (Latham). 

 WHITE-FRONTED SHRIKE. 



Lanius superciliosus LATHAM, Tnd. Ornith. (1801), suppl. 20, No. 4; GADOW, 



Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1883), 8, 273; DRESSER, Man. Palaearctic Bds. 



(1902), 1, 241. 

 Otomela superciliosa SHARPE, Hand-List (1903), 4, 288; GATES and RETD, 



Cat. Birds' Eggs (1905), 4, 290; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List 



(1906), 93. 



The Island of Sagahalien, Askold and Japan; wintering in the Malay Peninsula, 

 Philippines, and Java. (Dresser.) 



