ANTHUS. 669 



Genus ANTHUS Bechstein, 1807. 



Tail shorter than the tertials; hind-toe usually shorter than its claw. 

 Plumage various shades of brown, streaked and spotted with black and 

 dark brown, never extensively yellow, black, nor pure white. 



Species. 



a 1 . Hind toe and its claw about equal in length; upper plumage washed with 

 olivaceous, the dark shaft-streaks poorly defined; breast and sides heavily 



spotted and streaked with blackish brown hodgsoni (p. 669) 



a 2 . Hind toe decidedly shorter than its claw; upper parts with heavy streaks of 

 blackish brown, the margins of the feathers various shades of buff, ocherous, 

 and rusty brown, but not washed with olivaceous. 

 6 1 . Dark streaks of under parts few and narrow; sides of body uniform in color 



or with obsolete dusky streaks. 

 c 1 . Tail much longer, about 85 mm.; wing, 90 or more; tarsus, 30 to 33. 



richardi* (p. 670) 

 c 2 . Tail much shorter, about 65 mm.; wing, about 75; tarsus, 28. 



mfulus (p. 671) 

 fe 2 . Dark streaks of under parts numerous and heavy on breast, and extending 



over sides of abdomen and breast. 



c 1 . Dark streaks on breast broader and more numerous; some of the inter - 

 scapulars with whitish margins forming a conspicuous light streak on 



each side of back gustavi (p. 672) 



c 2 . Dark streaks on breast, in the adult at least, narrower and less numerous ; 

 upper parts less boldly streaked, and the light edges of inter scapulars 

 less conspicuous; chin and throat buff in the young, vinaceous-cinnamon 

 or dark ochraceous in the adult cervinus (p. 673) 



684. ANTHUS HODGSON I Richmond. 

 SPOTTED TREE PIPIT. 



Anthus maculatus (not Motacilla maculata Gmelin) HODGSON, in Gray's 

 Zool. Miscl. (1844), 83; SHABPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 

 547; HUME, Nests & Eggs Ind. Bds. (1890), 2, 209; WHITEHEAD, Ibis 

 (1899), 237 (habits); MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 

 101. 



Anthus hodgsoni RICHMOND, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. (1907), no. 54, 493. 



Apo (Celestino) ; Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (Everett, Whitehead, McGregor, 

 Bartsch) ; Mindanao (Goodfellow) ; Palawan (Everett). Eastern Siberia, China, 

 Japan, Indo-Burmese countries, Liu Kiu Islands, and the Indian Peninsula. 



Adult in fresh plumage. Above dark olive-green; top of head streaked 

 with blackish brown ; feathers of back with blackish shaft-lines, much less 



* In the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum this species falls under 

 "a. With the hind claw decidedly shorter than the hallux." but in the figures of 

 the foot in the Catalogue and in the Fauna of British India the claw is decidedly 

 longer than the hallux, and Sharpe ( p. 565 ) says : "Hind claw long and straight, 

 a trifle shorter than hind toe, but sometimes longer." 

 83286 17 



