670 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIKKS. 



conspicuous than in A. gustavi or A. rufulus; lower back, rump, and 

 tail-coverts uniform olive-green; side of forehead and supercilium buff, 

 forming a line which becomes white over ear-coverts ; lores blackish ; sub- 

 ocular region and ear-coverts buff, mottled with dark brown ; chin, throat, 

 and chest pale buff, separated from the buff jaw by a blackish malar line ; 

 lower breast, abdomen, and crissum white; flanks and thighs dark buff; 

 breast, sides, and flanks marked with large black spots, which are trian- 

 gular on chest, and elongate on sides and flanks; wing-feathers blackish, 

 edged with olive; tips of median and greater coverts buffy, forming two 

 bars; rectrices blackish, two or three outer pairs tipped with white. In 

 summer the plumage has become much worn and the dark markings are 

 more conspicuous. A male taken in Luzon in November measures: 

 Length, 152; wing, 84; tail, 60; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 21; hind 

 toe with claw, 15. A female in worn plumage from Benguet Province, 

 Luzon, measures: Wing, 80; tail, 57; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 21; 

 hind toe with claw, 17. The diagnostic characters of this species are the 

 olivaceous upper parts, the large triangular spots on the breast, and the 

 short claw of the hind toe. 



685. ANTHUS RICHARDI Vieillot. 

 RICHARD'S PIPIT. 



Anthus richardi VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. (1818), 26, 491; 

 SHABPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 564 (figure of foot) ; GATES, 

 Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. (1890), 2, 307, fig. 85 (foot); MCGREGOR and 

 WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 102. 



Balabac (Everett). Central and eastern Asia and India; in winter to southern 

 China, Burmese countries, Ceylon, western and southern Europe; occasional in 

 the British Islands. 



Adult. "Upper plumage fulvous-brown, the feathers centered with 

 blackish, the rump more uniform; wings dark brown margined with 

 fulvous ; tail dark brown with pale margins, the outermost feather almost 

 entirely white, the penultimate with an oblique portion of the inner web, 

 about an inch and a half [38 mm.] in length, also white; supercilium 

 and lower plumage pale fulvous, the sides of the throat and fore neck 

 and the whole breast streaked with dark brown ; sides of the body darker 

 fulvous, with a few indistinct streaks. Bill brown, yellowish at base of 

 lower mandible; mouth yellow; iris brown, legs flesh-color, the claws 

 darker. Length, about 190; tail, 86; -wing, 94; tarsus, 30; bill from 

 gape, 22; hind claw, about 20." (Oates.) 



