672 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



"Enormously abundant in the open fields; it is resident throughout 

 the year and breeds. Four males average : Length, 167 ; wing, 80 ; tail, 

 65; culmen, 18; tarsus, 28; middle toe with claw, 23. Iris dark brown; 

 legs and feet dirty yellow, nails darker; upper mandible dark brown to 

 black, under mandible light brown." (Bourns and \\'<>IT, ,<f, / MS.) 



087. ANTHUS GUSTAVI Swinhoe. 

 PETCHORA PIPIT. 



Anthus gustavi SWINHOE, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1863), 90; SHABPE, Cat. Birds 

 Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 613; WHITEHEAD, Ibis (1899), 237; MCGREGOR 

 and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 102. 



Basilan (Steere, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, McGregor) ; Bohol (Mc- 

 Gregor) ; Cagayancillo (McGregor)-, Calayan (McGregor); Cebu (McGregor); 

 Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Leyte (Steere Exp.); Lubang (McGregor); Luzon 

 (Othberg, Heriot, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor) ; Maestre de Campo (McGregor 

 & Worcester); Masbate (Bourns d Worcester); Mindanao (Goodfellow, Celes- 

 tino) ; Mindoro (McGregor) ; Negros (Whitehead) ; Palawan ( Whitehead, Platen, 

 Bourns & Worcester); Polillo (McGregor); Romblon (Bourns d Worcester); 

 Sibuyan (Bourns d Worcester) ; Siquijor (Celestino) ; Sulu (Bourns d Worces- 

 ter) ; Tawi Tawi (Bourns d Worcester). Siberia, Kamtchatka, Commander 

 Islands, Celebes; in winter to Borneo and the Molucca Islands; China during 

 migration. 



Adult. Top of head, neck, and back tawny buff, each feather with a 

 wide mesial streak of blackish brown ; on each side of mantle a series of 

 feathers each having either the inner or outer web buffy white, forming 

 on each side a conspicuous, but not well-defined, whitish stripe ; rump and 

 tail-coverts darker than back, near raw-umber, with narrower blackish 

 shaft-streaks ; supercilium light buff, but not forming a well-defined line ; 

 ear-coverts tawny ; malar stripe buff, bounded below by a narrow blackish 

 line; under parts white with a wash of buff across the chest and with 

 bold blackish streaks on breast, sides, and flanks; wing-feathers blackish 

 brown, edged with dark buff; median and greater coverts tipped with 

 white, forming two wing-bars; rectrices blackish brown, the two outer 

 pairs with considerable white on the inner webs. A male from Calayan 

 Island measures : Wing, 85 ; tail, 56 ; culmen from base, 16 ; tarsus, 22 ; 

 hind toe with claw, 20. A female from northern Mindanao, wing, 80; 

 tail, 56; culmen from base, 15; tarsus, 22; hind toe with claw, 20. 



Young birds differ from the adults in having the chin and throat 

 spotted with blackish brown. 



The diagnostic characters of Anthus gustavi are the heavy streaks on 

 breast and sides, and the whitish streaks on the sides of the back. 



The Petchora pipit is usually found skulking on the ground in forest ; 

 it is never seen in flocks. 



