ANTHUS. 673 



688. ANTHUS CERVINUS (Pallas). 

 RED-THROATED PIPIT. 



Motadlla cervina PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. (1811), 1, 511. 

 Anthus cervinus SHAKPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1885), 10, 585; WHITE- 

 HEAD, Ibis (1899), 238 (habits); MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand- 

 i List (1906), 102. 



Calayan (McGregor) ; Luzon (Whitehead) ; Mindanao (Steere Exp.) ; Palawan 

 (Everett, Celestino). Alaska, Kurile Islands, Asia, Europe, England; in winter 

 to China and Indo- Burmese countries, Persia and northwestern India, Formosa, 

 Hainan, and northern Africa, accidental in Lower California. 



Adult. Above sandy gray, somewhat similar to A. gustavi, but lighter 

 and grayer without the whitish streaks on the sides of the back; head 

 streaked with dark brown ; feathers of back and rump with broad mesial 

 streaks of blackish brown; long and broad superciliary stripe, lores, ear- 

 coverts, suborbital region, chin, throat, and chest vinaceous-cinnamon or 

 vinaceous-buff ; remainder of under parts light buff ; sides, flanks, and, in 

 many specimens, the breast, streaked with blackish brown; wings and 

 tail dark brown, most of the feathers with white or sandy buff edges; 

 greater and median coverts with whitish tips forming two bars ; two outer 

 pairs of rectrices with wide white tips. 



A male from Calayan Island measures: Length, 145; wing, 85; tail, 

 61; culmen from base, 14; tarsus, 22; hind toe with claw, 20. A female 

 from the same locality, wing, 79; tail, 56; culmen from base, 13; tarsus, 

 21; hind toe with claw, 20. 



Immature birds have less vinaceous color about the head and more 

 black stripes on the chest; still younger birds have lores, supercilium, 

 malar region, chin, and throat buff with no trace of vinaceous, and the 

 sides of throat are thickly spotted with blackish brown. This last 

 plumage resembles some plumages of A. gustavi, but the latter species 

 seems always to have a larger bill and distinct white or pale buff lines on 

 the sides of the back. 



The red-throated pipit in adult summer plumage is a very handsome 

 species. It is found in the Philippine Islands in winter only and then 

 but rarely. 



Family ALAUDID^. 



Bill stout, first primary very short; tertials shorter, or but little longer, 

 than secondaries ; tail moderate in length ; two outer rectrices partly white 

 as in Anthus; tarsus scutellate both in front and behind; claw of hind toe 

 longer than the toe itself; upper plumage brown and the breast streaked. 



Genera. 



a 1 . Bill more slender; first primary minute, shorter than primary-coverts; claw 



of hind toe more than one-half the length of tarsus Alauda (p. 674) 



2 . Bill much stouter; first primary longer than the primary-coverts; claw of 

 hind toe not more than one-half the length of tarsus Mirafra (p. 675) 



