FBINGILLA. 679 



scapulars and interscapular region deep broccoli-brown; rump white; 

 rectrices, upper tail-coverts, primaries, secondaries, tertials, primary- 

 coverts, and base of greater wing-coverts, glossy bluish black ; lesser wing- 

 coverts dark broccoli-brown; terminal two-fifths of greater wing-coverts 

 broccoli-brown, paler terminally ; outer web of innermost secondary edged 

 externally with orange- vermilion ; under parts broccoli-brown, shading 

 to whitish on middle of belly and to tawny ochraceous on crissum ; axillars 

 pure white ; under wing-coverts brown at base, broadly white terminally ; 

 underside of shafts of primary-quills white nearly to the tips. Fresh 

 specimens, including the type, were noted in the field as having the iris 

 dark brown ; bill plumbeous-black, perceptibly horn-color at extreme base ; 

 feet brownish flesh-color, with underside of toes yellowish; claws brown. 

 In the dry skins the bills are uniformly plumbeous-black. 



"Adult female * * *. Exactly like the male, except that the outer 

 web of the innermost secondary is edged externally with yellowish orange 

 instead of orange-vermilion." (M earns.) 



Genus FEINGILLA Linnaeus, 1758. 



Bill moderately stout ; culmen flat, without a ridge, and straight except 

 at its extreme tip; wings long, extending beyond the toes and nearly to 

 the tip of the slightly forked tail ; colors black, white, and orange-buff. 



694. FRINGILLA MONTIFRINGILLA Linnaeus. 

 SHAMBLING. 



Fringilla montifringilla LINN^US, Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), 1, 179; SHABPE, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1888), 12, 178; GATES, Fauna Brit. Ind. Bds. 

 (1890), 2, 233, fig. 65 (head); MCGREGOR, Bull. Philippine Mus. 

 (1904), 4, 24; MCGREGOR and WORCESTER, Hand-List (1906), 103. 



Calayan (McGregor). Europe, northern Asia, Kamchatka, northern China; 

 in winter to British Islands, Japan, Liu Kiu and Bonin Islands. 



Male in winter. Head, neck, mantle, and sides of head, of neck, and 

 of throat black with wide fringes of light buff or ochraceous-buff ; 

 feathers of neck and mantle with gray bases; lower back and rump 

 white, black along the sides; tail-coverts black, tipped with buff; chin, 

 middle of throat, fore breast, sides, and flanks orange-buff; flanks with 

 a few black spots; lower breast and abdomen white; crissum light buff; 

 feathers of thighs black with buff tips; wing-quills black; primaries 

 and secondaries narrowly edged with pale yellow; outer webs of fourth 

 to seventh primaries with a spot of white at tips of primary-coverts; 

 secondaries with larger white spots nearer their bases; tertiais broadly 

 edged with orange-buff on their outer webs; scapulars and lesser coverts 

 orange-buff; median coverts white, some of them washed with buff; 

 greater coverts black with broad buff tips; rectrices black, edged with 

 ashy gray or pale yellow; outermost pair with basal half of outer webs 



