596 MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE BIRDS. 



horn-color. An adult male from Luzon measures: Length, 305; wing, 

 150; tail, 104; culmen from base, 34; bill from nostril, 24; tarsus, 25. 



Adult female. Similar to the male, but the mantle with a dusky, 

 slightly olive, wash contrasting strongly with the clear golden yellow of 

 hind neck. A female from Mindoro measures: Wing, 149; tail, 112; 

 culmen from base, 34; bill from nostril, 25; tarsus, 26. 



Young. Above olive-yellow or golden olive; the crescent crown mark 

 obscure and more or less dusky olive in color; tertials and rectrices 

 dusky, washed with olive; under parts much paler than in the adult, 

 near lemon- or gamboge-yellow; feathers of breast with distinct black 

 shaft-lines. As the bird becomes older the crescent-mark on the head 

 becomes better developed and the shaft-marks on the breast become less 

 distinct. The bill is dusky brown in immature individuals. 



Three eggs of the Philippine oriole, taken by Whitehead at Cape 

 Engano, Luzon, on April 15, 1895, are thus described: 



"Shape ovate. Pure white, with scattered spots and minute dots of 

 deep blackish brown, and a few faint under-markings of slate gray. 

 Measurements 32 mm. by 23 mm." Two eggs from Fuga, April 5, 1895, 

 are "similar to the above." Measurements 33 mm. by 22 mm. 



"The first nest was placed in a casuarina tree on the seacoast at some 

 distance from the forest; the second was found in a high tree close to 

 the freshly made nest of the white-breasted sea eagle (Halicetus leuco- 

 gaster) from which the bird was disturbed. Both nests were of the 

 usually oriole type." (Grant and Whitehead.) 



"After a careful comparison of specimens from Palawan and the 

 Calamianes Islands, we can see no good reason for making distinct species 

 of them. The amount of yellow on the head is extremely variable. We 

 have birds from Luzon and Mindoro which show quite as much as any 

 of our Palawan or Calamianes birds. Nor do we find any constant dif- 

 ference in size between the Palawan-Calamianes birds and those from 

 other parts of the group. 



"Nine males average: Length, 290; wing, 155; tail, 107; culmen, 

 37 ; tarsus, 25 ; middle toe with claw, 28.7. Five females, length, 280 ; 

 wing, 149 ; tail, 105 ; culmen, 36 ; tarsus, 25 ; middle toe with claw, 28.4. 

 Iris brown ; legs and feet dull black ; bill pinkish, white along gape and 

 at tip. One of the commonest Philippine birds, found abundantly 

 among the coconut groves and in the scattered trees about open fields, 

 and not infrequently met with in the forest as well. Variously called 

 'antu-li-hao', 'tu-li-hao', 'tu-li-hi-ao', and 'ku-li-ao-an j by the natives, in 

 attempted imitation of its rather musical note." (Bourns and Worcester 

 MS.) 



