APPLE DISEASES 45 



Eustace, H. J. Winter injury to fruit trees. New York (Geneva) 



Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 269 : 323-343. 1905. 

 Morse, W. J., and Lewis, C. E. Maine apple diseases. Non-parasitic 



diseases. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 185 : 341-352. 1910. 

 Macoun, W. T. Winter injury to fruit trees. Canada Exp. Farms 



Kept. 1907-1908 : 110-116. 1909. 

 Whipple, O. B. Winter injury to the fruit buds of the apple and the 



pear. Montana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 91 : 35-45. 1912. 

 O'Gara, P. J. The protection of orchards in the Pacific Northwest 



from spring frosts by means of fires and smudges. U. S. Agr. 



Dept. Farmers' bul. 401 : 5-24. 1910. 

 Stewart, F. C., and Eustace, H. J. Two unusual troubles of apple 



foliage. I. Frost blisters on apple and quince leaves. New York 



(Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 220 : 217-225. 1902. 

 Craig, J. Observations and suggestions on the root killing of fruit 



trees. Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 44 : 179-213. 1900. 



BLACK-ROT CANKER 



Caused by Physalospora Cydonice Arnaud 



This disease is best known as the New York apple-tree canker, 

 in those regions bordering the Great Lakes, because of the 

 prominence of this form of the trouble in that section of the 

 country. In New England, Virginia and the Ozark portions 

 of the United States, black-rot of the fruit and spots of the 

 foliage are the more common forms with which the grower has 

 to contend. Speaking generally for northeastern America, 

 the Middle West and southeastern Canada, this apple disease, 

 in one or more of its three forms, stands second only to apple- 

 scab in importance. In other regions where it occurs it attracts 

 considerable attention, but is plainly of less consequence than 

 bitter-rot or apple-blotch. In the Middle Atlantic states it 

 is less important than apple-rust. The disease, while present 

 in most European countries, does little damage outside of 

 North America. 



Affected fruit is rotted and, as in the case of apple-scab, 

 apple-blotch and bitter-rot, is rendered practically worthless 



