96 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 



of insects that injure the fruit. If the stored fruit is fancy, and 

 it is desired to keep it for a long time, wrapping each fruit is of 

 decided advantage in preventing decay. It appears after all 

 that the secret of controlling this disease lies in the careful 

 handling of the fruits throughout all operations necessary to 

 marketing and consumption. 



REFERENCES ON SOFT-ROT 



Eustace, H. J. Investigations on some fruit diseases. New York 

 (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 297 : 32-48. 1908. 



Morse, W. J., and Lewis, C. E. Maine apple diseases. Penicillium 

 or blue mold decay. Maine Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 185 : 363. 1910. 



Kinney, L. F. The blue mold. Rhode Island Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept. 

 1894 : 195-198. 1895. 



ARMILLARIA ROOT-ROT 

 Caused by Armillaria mellea (Fries) Quelet 



This disease is variously known as the shoe-string fungus 

 rot, crown-rot, mushroom root-rot and Armillaria root-rot. 

 In addition to the apple many other trees and shrubs are known 

 to be affected, some more seriously than others. The dis- 

 cussion is presented under Apple, inasmuch as this host is so 

 generally distributed and because the disease is one of consider- 

 able" importance to the apple-grower in some regions. In cer- 

 tain sections, however, Armillaria root-rot is more prevalent 

 on other plants. In the state of Washington the chief damage 

 is done to prunes. In Oregon, prunes and apples are most 

 severely affected. In these states the blackberry, raspberry, 

 cherry, plum, gooseberry, peach, currant and loganberry are at 

 times badly injured by this root-disease. In Europe the trouble 

 is found on forest trees, including the birch, beech, walnut, oak, 

 chestnut, ash, pine, larch, alder, fir, willow and cotton-wood. 

 These trees are liable to affliction in America, but as already 

 intimated the disease in this country affects chiefly our more 



