212 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 



REFERENCES ON CANE-BLIGHT 



Stewart, F. C. An experiment on the control of currant cane necrosis 

 by summer pruning. New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 

 357 : 1-10. 1913. 



Grossenbacher, J. G., and Duggar, B. M. A contribution to the life- 

 history, parasitism, and biology of Botryosphseria ribis. New 

 York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. bul. 18 : 114-190. 1911. 



Durand, E. J. A disease of currant canes. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. 

 Sta. Bul. 125 : 23-38. 1897. 



Chester, F. D. A blight of currants. Delaware Agr. Exp. Sta. 

 Kept. 14 : 43-44. 1903. 



EUROPEAN RUST 



Caused by Cronartium Ribicola Fisch. von Waldh. 



This disease, known also as currant felt-rust and white pine 

 blister-rust, is caused by a fungus which was introduced into 

 the United States from Europe a few years ago. The reforesta- 

 tion movement had created a market for young white pine 

 stock, and since American nurseries have not been able to supply 

 this demand these plants have been imported from Europe. 

 Whatever else may be said of the result of this wholesale im- 

 portation of foreign white pines, it is to be regretted that the 

 blister-rust pathogene has thus been brought into the United 

 States. 



So far as the currant is concerned the disease is of 

 little economic importance, since it does not destroy whole 

 bushes. Gooseberries are also affected, but the condition is 

 similar on that host. The chief importance on these plants 

 (Ribes) lies in the fact that the pathogene lives on them, from 

 which it spreads to the five-needle pines. Here young trees 

 are killed in the nurseries and in plantations; older white 

 pines are also severely affected, sometimes being killed by the 

 disease. 



The disease is known in practically all Europe, except in 



