254 



MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 



order of their susceptibility, follow : Mus- 

 cat of Alexandria, Mission from Califor- 

 nia, Malaga varieties and Flame Tokay. 

 Crown-gall apparently affects the grape 

 wherever it is grown. The disease is 

 reported from France, Germany, Italy, 

 England, Holland, Denmark, Chili, New 

 South Wales, Cape Colony, Canada and 

 Mexico. In the United States, it has 

 been found more particularly in Cali- 

 fornia, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, 

 Washington, Oregon, Colorado, Arkan- 

 sas, Nebraska, Missouri and Iowa. It 

 was common in California as early as 

 1880. The earlier records give the im- 

 pression that it was very destructive, 

 but now the disease is not regarded 

 as being of great economic importance. 



). Crown-gall . \ 



on grape-cane. In cases ot severe attack, vines are 

 stunted, the leaves are smaller and 

 chlorotic, and even unfruitfulness has been observed. (See 

 more complete account under Apple, page 108.) 



REFERENCES 



Hedgcock, G. G. Field studies of the crown-gall of the grape. U. S. 



Agr. Dept. Plant Indus. Bur. Bui. 183 : 7-29. 1910. 

 Blunno, M. A. Cancerous disease of the grapevine. New South 



Wales Agr. Gaz. 12 : 1079-1081. 1901. 

 Garcia, F. European grapes. Observations on the crown-gall. New 



Mexico Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 58: 19, 28-29; also 30-31. 1906. 



DEAD-ABM 



Caused by Cryptosporella Viticola (Reddick) Shear 



Dead-arm, or side-arm, is found on nearly all commercial 

 varieties of grapes in the eastern states, although it is rare on 



FIG. 



