402 MANUAL OF FRUIT DISEASES 



Kunkel, Otto. The production of a promycelium by the ascidiospores 



of Cseoma nitens BurrilL Bui. Torr. Bot. Club, 40 : 361-366. 



1913. 

 Wilson, G. W. Rusts of blackberries, dewberries, and raspberries. 



North Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Kept. 35 : 57-61. 1912. 

 Newcombe, F. C. Perennial mycelium of the fungus of blackberry 



rust. Jour. Myc. 6 : 106-107. 1890. 

 Stewart, F. C., and Blodgett, F. H. A fruit-disease survey of the 



Hudson Valley in 1899. Blackberry diseases. Orange rust. 



New York (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 167 : 286-287. 1899. 



YELLOWS 

 Cause unknown 



This peculiar and obscure raspberry disease is variously 

 known as curl, leaf-curl, yellows and the Marlboro disease. 

 The term yellows is used to cover a variety of symptoms and 

 is very loosely applied by the grower to any condition in which 

 the leaves turn yellow. The name Marlboro disease is local 

 in usage ; it owes its origin to the fact that the Marlboro variety 

 is very susceptible. By reason of its descriptive nature the 

 name yellows seems most appropriate. 



Raspberry-yellows was first recorded from Minnesota in 1894. 

 At present its geographical range is probably coincident with the 

 plant affected, having been observed at one time or another in 

 Ohio, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, 

 Kansas, Michigan, Colorado, California and Washington. It 

 is also said to occur in Canada. All who are acquainted with 

 the disease concur in that it is very important. In certain 

 localities it is regarded as the most prevalent and the most 

 destructive of raspberry diseases. In many cases where the 

 raspberry industry has been ruined the yellows disease has been 

 held responsible for such conditions. Red raspberries stand 

 alone in their susceptibility to injury from yellows. Only 

 rarely are the black-caps and purple varieties affected appre- 

 ciably. In order of their susceptibility red raspberries follow : 



