FUNGICIDES, PREPARATION AND APPLICATION 437 



evaporation goes on concentration and burning by the caustic 

 polysulfides results. In the case of grapes, however, and some- 

 times in the case of burning of peach and apple foliage, the 

 injury is due to the sulfuric acid formed later from the sulfur. 

 If the lime-sulfur is properly diluted and properly applied, se- 

 rious injury seldom results except on grapes and on some varie- 

 ties of peaches. What has sometimes been taken for lime-sulfur 

 injury is doubtless injury from the arsenicals used with it. 



If commercial concentrated solutions are to be used, simply 

 dilute as directed for the particular disease or diseases to be 

 combated. Concentrated solutions may be prepared as 

 follows : 



Use only fresh, lump-lime free from dust, grit, air-slaked 

 material and magnesium oxid. The lime should not contain 

 less than 90 per cent of pure calcium-oxid. A high grade of 

 sulfur flour, flowers of sulfur, or finely ground brimstone will 

 do equally well. The best formula appears to be : 



Lime 90 per cent pure, 40 Ib. 

 Sulfur 80 Ib. 



Water 50 gal. 



Moisten the sulfur thoroughly, working it into a smooth, 

 even fluid-paste. Slake the lime in 10 gallons of hot water, 

 adding the lime slowly to avoid boiling over. Pour in the 

 sulfur paste gradually during the slaking, and stir constantly. 

 When all the lime is slaked and all the sulfur thoroughly 

 mixed in, add water to make fifty gallons and boil vigorously 

 for one hour. The cooking may be done in a kettle over a 

 fire or in a barrel by means of live steam. Allow the solution 

 to settle, decant off the clear dark concentrate, and store in 

 barrels. Keep where it will not freeze. Home-made concen- 

 trate will usually show a lower Baum6 test than the commercial 

 concentrate. In either case the dilution should be made on 

 the basis of the hydrometer reading. 



