158 



# Mouth very dilatable ; bones of mandible united by liga- 

 ments ; limbs wanting or represented only by short spurs 

 on the sides of the vent ..... OPHIDIA, V. 



T. FAMILIES OF TESTUDINATA. 



* Carapace firm, not flexible at the margins, not greatly depressed ; 



both shields with well-developed horny plates. 



f Toes short, bound together by the integument ; legs and feet 



short, club-shaped ; carapace very convex ; plastron cover- 



ing nearly all of under surface of body ; caudal shields 



united ; claws blunt, 5-4 ; terrestrial. TESTUDINID^E, 66. 



ff Toes well developed, spreading, and in aquatic species 



webbed ; claws usually 5-4;. 



$ Shell highest at about the middle, usually somewhat de- 

 pressed, the margin flaring outwards; epidermal plates 

 of the large plastron 12 in number. . EMYDIIXE, 67. 

 $$ Shell highest behind the middle; margin of carapace 

 turned rather downward or inward ; plates of plastron 

 7, 9 or 11 never 12 ; size small. . CINOSTERNLD^;, 68. 

 \\\ Shell highest anteriorly; carapace flaring outward, its 

 margin toothed behind; plastron small, cross-shaped 

 with 12 plates and three accessory ones on each side ; 

 jaws powerful, strongly hooked; neck and tail long, 

 the latter with a crest of tubercles ; size large. 



CHELYDRID^E, 69. 



** Much depressed ; carapace and plastron covered with a leathery 

 skin, and flexible at the margins ; no horny plates ; fleshy 

 lips ; snout prolonged ; toes 5-5, but claws 3-3. 



TKIONYCHID^E, 70. 



U. FAMILIES OF LACERTILIA. 



* Tongue thick, convex, attached at its base to the gullet ; scales 



usually more or less spinous. . . . IGUANID^E, 71. 

 ** Tongue flat, elongate, bifid at the end ; scales never spinous. 

 f Limbs rudimentary, concealed beneath the skin ; sides with 

 a longitudinal fold ..... ANGUID^E, 72. 

 f f Limbs four well developed. 



\ Scales of the belly rounded, arranged in quincunx order. 



SCINCIIX.E, 74. 



