FISHES. 211 



ee. Both jaws with bands of villiform teeth ; roof and floor 

 of mouth with coarse patches. 



AlbuUdcB, the Lady Fishes. 

 dd. Lower jaw longest. 



/. No gular plates ; no lateral line ; anal short. 



Dussumieridce, the Round Herrings. 



ff. A narrow bony plate between branches of lower jaw 



(much as in Amia). . Elopidw, the Jew Fishes. 



FAMILIES OF EVENTOGNATHI. 



* Pharyngeal teeth in small number (not more than 7) and com- 



paratively large ; dorsal with 7 to 12 rays (in American spe- 

 cies) ; mouth moderately or not protractile ; lips scarcely or 

 not enlarged ; species mostly of small size (2 to 15 inches) 



Dace and Minnows CYPKINID^E, 108. 



** Pharyngeal teeth very numerous, small ; mouth very protrac- 

 tile, roundish when protruded, with enlarged, fleshy lips ; 

 dorsal with 1 1 to 40 rays ; species often of large size. Suckers. 



CATOSTOMID^:, 109. 



AA. FAMILIES OF NEMATOGNATHI. 



* Margin of upper jaw formed by intermaxillaries only; maxil- 



lary rudimentary, forming the base of a long barbel. 



SILUBID^E, 110. 

 BB. FAMILIES OF APODES. 



* Gape moderate ; stomach ordinary ; gill openings narrow. 



f Scales rudimentary ; dorsal beginning at a considerable dis- 

 tance behind head ; fishes of shores or fresh waters. 



ANGUILLID^E, 111. 



ff Scaleless ; dorsal beginning close behind base of pectorals ; 

 deep sea fishes. . . . Congridm, the Conger Eels. 

 ** Gape of mouth enormously wide, leading to an excessively 

 distensible stomach ; tail band - like, tapering to a fine fila- 

 ment. .... Saccopharyngidce, the Oulpers. 



FAMILIES OF PEDICULATI. 



* Head very broad ; depressed. 



f Skin smooth, slimy; teeth strong, card -like; dorsal VI 8, 

 or more; the first three spines isolated, tentacle-like, on 

 the head, . . . Lophiidw, the Fishing Frogs. 



