ANTHROPOIDEA. 21 



more than six or eight ounces ; and that the creature 

 otherwise is less anthropoidal than the great apes. 



Of the Simian family most resembling man in 

 general features, size being a leading consideration, 

 are the Gibbons, the Orang, the Chimpanzee, and the 

 Gorilla. In cerebral features the Gibbons stand the 

 highest. However, when weight of brain is considered 

 alone, the Chimpanzee takes the lead; and the Gorilla 

 falls below the Orang. But, mere mass, or preponder- 

 ance of weight, does not alone constitute intellectual 

 elevation, there must be a proportionate amount of 

 gray matter in convolutions to insure intellectual 

 strength and activity. The elephant and the whale 

 possess more brain-substance than man, yet not so 

 much gray matter. It is said that a canary bird has 

 comparatively more brain than man, but the com- 

 parison is not important in this connection. 



Although the Chimpanzee possesses the heaviest 

 brain among the great apes, its cerebral mass does not 

 approach in weight the smallest human brain. A full 

 grown Gorilla will weigh over two hundred pounds, 

 and the average Esquimeau will not exceed half that 

 weight, yet the brain of the latter will weigh twice 

 as much as that of the former. The brain of the 

 Chimpanzee will not weigh over twenty ounces ; the 

 smallest human brain reaches over forty ounces ; and 

 that of Cuvier weighed over sixty ounces. In com- 

 paring the cerebral matter of the highest apes it is 

 found that in the development of the anterior lobes, 

 and in the preponderance of outside, cortical, or gray 

 substance, which is chiefly in convolutions, the Orang 

 is superior to the Chimpanzee and the Gorilla. 

 Psychologically considered the Orang is the highest 

 ape ; and those people who claim that man had a 



