140 ANDREW JACKSON HOWE. 



upon, consequently it is very high in the withers, 

 even higher than the horse. The deer runs by leaps, 

 and rarely trots, therefore it need not be high in the 

 withers, and is not relatively so high in that region 

 as the moose. The humerus of the horse is buried 

 in the flesh of the shoulder, and the femur in the 

 tissues of the hip, so that neither can be traced in 

 the outline of the limb ; yet these bones are very 

 large and compact; and so obliquely placed as re- 

 gards adjacent bones that they afford admirable 

 angles for dissipating jars and shocks. What is 

 ordinarily regarded as the knee in the front and hind 

 limbs, is really what in man are the wrist and the 

 ankle. The ulna is prominently developed in the 

 olecranon process, but becomes a splint below, and 

 blends with the radius ; the fibula is represented only 

 by a process of bone projecting from the upper ex- 

 tremity of the tibia. The carpus and tarsus of the 

 horse consist of two chains of comparatively small 

 bones, as representative parts do in man ; but the 

 metacarpus and metatarsus are wonderfully trans- 

 formed or differentiated. The central metacarpal 

 and metatarsal bones called cannon bones are large, 

 long, and strong ; and the lateral metacarpals and 

 metatarsals are represented by spints, which can be 

 barely outlined from the upper end of the cannon 

 bones to a point a little below the middle of the great 

 central shaft, which represents about all there is of 

 the metacarpus and metatarsus. And below this is a 

 central continuation of a single row of phalanges, 

 without even splints to represent lateral digits. Five 

 sets of phalanges are consolidated in one row. This 

 consists of the upper pastern, the lower pastern, and 

 the coffin bone, which represents the terminal or nn- 



