222 ANDREW JACKSON HOWE. 



utters its loudest voice, the sound resembles that com- 

 ing from a trumpet. The lungs have no lobes, but a 

 process of pulmonary tissue extends between the 

 heart and diaphragm. The stomach of the elephant 

 is thrown into ridges or partial compartments by mus- 

 cular bands that nearly encircle the organ. One of 

 these compartments at the extreme left of the organ 

 can be made to hold water unmixed with food an 

 arrangement somewhat like that of the camel. The 

 lining membrane of the stomach is coarsely plicated ; 

 and sometimes the folds join, making cups or circum- 

 scribed spaces. The organ will hold five or six bushels, 

 and probably much more when distended to its fullest 

 capacity. The jejunum is eight inches in diameter, and 

 receives the biliary and pancreatic secretions in recep- 

 tacles or pouches situated a short distance below the 

 stomach. The liver has two lobes, divided by the sus- 

 pensory ligament, but no gall bladder. The ccecum is 

 large, with its inner surface rugous. The colon is about 

 twenty feet in length, and a foot in diameter. The en- 

 tire alimentary track is more than sixty feet long. 



The. circulatory system of the elephant is like 

 that of most mammajs. The heart is a foot or more 

 in diameter, and in its contractions exerts tons of 

 pressure. The aorta is over three inches in diameter, 

 and its walls are thick with yellow elastic tissue. 

 The current of blood propelled at each stroke of the 

 heart must equal that forced from the nozzle of a steam 

 tire engine. The veins have thick walls, and correspond 

 in caliber with companion arteries. The young of the 

 elephant are nourished in the same manner as other 

 mammalia. The period of gestation peculiar to the 

 elephant extends through a period of over five hundred 



