FOKMATION OF A GaRDEN. 45 



thrown out from the first one. If the subsoil be poor and 

 gravelly, it is better to take off the first spadeful, and then 

 loosen the bottom to the required depth without bringing it to 

 the surface. If the soil requu-e it, as it generally wiU, layers 

 of manure may be added to those of earth alternately." 



3. Suhsoil Plowing. — The expense of trenching being great, 

 where the plot to be prepared is large, subsoil plowing may be 

 substituted, similar results in a somewhat inferior degree being 

 obtained. In subsoiling, a common turning plow goes first, and 

 the subsoil plow follows, loosening the earth to the required 

 depth below the bottom of the ordinary furrow, but not turn- 

 ing it up. 



The foregoing preparatory operations being thoroughly per- 

 formed, we may consider the garden ready for the ordinary 

 processes of cultivation. Of these we shall speak in another 

 chapter. 



