HOETICULTTJEAL PROCESSES. 61 



or turnips ; old asparagus beds are good for carrots, potatoes, 

 etc, ; strawberry and raspberry beds do well for the cabbage 

 tribe, and the cabbage tribe may be followed by the tap-rooted 

 plants — carrots, beets, etc. 



A large portion of every garden, even at the North, should 

 be made to produce two crops each season. All the space occu- 

 pied by early peas, beans, and potatoes can be made available 

 for turnips and cabbages. Turnips (English or Dutch) may also 

 be sown broadcast among the corn and later potatoes after the 

 last hoeing. 



XIII.— PEOPAGATION. 



There are, properly speaking, but two modes of propagating 

 plants — by seeds and by division. By the first the species is 

 perpetuated, and new varieties raised. The second mode mul- 

 tiplies specimens of the individual itself, with all its peculiari- 

 ties, which may be and generally are lost in the seed. 



There are several distinct modes of propagating plants by 

 division, all, however, depending for their success upon the 

 presence of leaf-huds, each of which, as we have seen, being 

 capable, under favorable circumstances, of forming a distinct 

 and independent individual. 



1. Suckers. — Some plants, such as the rose, the raspberry, 

 the lilac, etc., throw up suckers or sprouts from their roots. 

 These spring from what have been described as adventitious 

 buds. We have only to divide these from their parent and 

 transplant them in a suitable soil to secure their independent 

 growth. Offsets and runners are of a similar nature to the 

 suckers of the woody plants. The former are young bulbs 

 which form by the side of the old one, and merely require 

 breaking off and planting. The latter are shoots springing from 

 the collar or crown of a plant, and throwing out roots at their 

 joints. These have only to be separated from the parent plant 

 to become independent individuals. The strawberry is the 

 most noted example of this mode of propagation. 



2. Layers. — The tendency manifested by many plants to 

 throw out roots from their joints early suggested to gardeners 



