HORTICTJLTTJRAL PROCESSES. 67 



the same size, this mode is sometimes employed with excellent 

 success. In this process, cut the stock with a drawing-knife 

 upward, forming a wedge ; then split with a fine saw the scion, 

 and with a knife pare away each side to a point, so as to fit 

 the stock ; place the parts together, and bind them firmly with 

 matting or bark, and cover the whole with clay or grafting- 

 wax. At the end of two months the union wiU generally be 

 sufficiently perfect to allow the removal of the covering and 

 the ligature, which, if left on too long, will injure the growth. 



In-arch grafting is used when others will scarcely succeed. 

 The two trees must stand close to each other. A twig of each, 

 without being cut from its tree, must be pared with a long, 

 corresponding slanting cut, and the two raw edges must be 

 fitted nicely, and bound firmly together, and the joint covered 

 with the composition. When the union has taken place, the 

 trees are so separated as to leave the scion on the tree where 

 it is wanted. 



A mode called root grafting is practiced extensively in nurs- 

 eries. The two-year seedling stocks are headed down to within 

 an inch or so of the collar or crown ; they are then split, and 

 the scion inserted, as in common cleft grafting. The scion is 

 held in its place by a piece of matting bound round the stock. 

 The stocks to be used for this purpose are generally taken up 

 in the fall, grafted in the winter at the fireside, and packed 

 away in the cellar till spring, when they are properly planted ; 

 the point of insertion of the graft being covered with the soil. 

 ISTo wax or clay is necessary. Scions may also be grafted on 

 smaU roots by common splice grafting. The point of union 

 should be covered with soU to the depth of two inches. 



Grafting may be performed at almost any season of the year 

 with scions properly kept ; but by far the best time is from 

 the middle of February, in mild weather, aU along until the 

 middle of May at the North, and till the end t)f March at the 

 South — stone-fruits first, and other fruits somewhat later. 



ISTeither grafting nor budding can be successful, unless be- 

 tween different varieties of the same species, as the apple upon 



