38 PLINY'S NATUBAL HISTORY. [Book XVIII. 



out on the threshing-floor, together with the straw, the chaff 

 has the name of " palea," * * * * and in most parts of 

 the world is employed as fodder for beasts of burden. The 

 residue of millet, panic, and sesame, is known to us as 

 " apluda ;" but in other countries it is called by various other 

 names. 



CHAP. 24. MILLET. 



Campania is particularly prolific in millet, and a fine white 

 porridge is made from it : it makes a bread, too, of remarkable 

 sweetness. The nations of Sarmatia 16 live principally on this 

 porridge, and even the raw meal, with the sole addition of 

 mares' milk, or else blood " extracted from the thigh of the 

 horse. The ^Ethiopians know of no other grain but millet and 

 barley. 



CHAP. 25. PANIC. 



The people of Gaul, and of Aquitania 18 more particularly, 

 make use of panic ; the same is the case, too, in Italy beyond 

 the Padus, with the addition, however, of the bean, without 

 which they prepare none of their food. There is no aliment 

 held in higher esteem than panic by the nations of Pontus. 

 The other summer grains thrive better in well- watered soils 

 than in rainy localities ; but water is by no means beneficial 

 to millet or panic when they are coming into blade. It is re- 

 commended not to sow them among vines or fruit-trees, as it 

 is generally thought that these crops impoverish the soil. 



CHAP. 26. (11) THE VARIOUS KINDS OF LEAVEN. 



Millet is more particularly employed for making leaven ; and 



if kneaded with must, 19 it will keep a whole year. The same 



5 done, too, with the fine wheat-bran of the best quality it 



; s kneaded with white must three days old, and then dried in 



sun, after which it is made into small cakes. When re- 



for making bread, these cakes are first soaked in water, 



food T l\l ar !un S 8ti ? ^P^f^.asone of their principal articles of 



if V -? J S"! extract a kind of wine from it. 



is p Tg * es to this > Geor S- "i- 463. 

 France*"" [ em P lo y ed more thai1 any other grain in the south of 



s miut have tended to aff <*t the taste of the 



