Chap. 56.] THE ATRACTTLTS. 353 



CHAP. 56. (16). THE CABDUTTS, THE ACOBtfA, THE PHONOS, THE 



LEUCACANTHOS, THE CHAXCEOS, THE CNECOS, THE POLYACAN- 

 TH08, THE ONOPYXOS, THE HELXTNE, THE SCOLYMOS, THE CHA- 

 MELEON, THE TETKALIX, AND ACANTHICE MASTICHE. 



The carduus 63 has leaves and a stem covered with a prickly 

 down ; the same is the case, too, with the acorna, 64 the leuca- 

 canthos, 65 the chalceos, 66 the cnecos, 67 the polyacanthos, 68 the 

 onopyxos, 69 the helxine, 70 and the scolymos ; 71 the chamaeleon, 72 

 however, has no prickles upon the leaves. There is, however, 

 this difference among these plants, that some of them have 

 numerous stems and branches, such as the carduus, for in- 

 stance ; while others, again, have a single stem and no branches, 

 the cnecos, for example. Some, again, such as the erynge, 72 * 

 are prickly at the head only ; and some blossom in the summer, 

 the tetralix and the helxine, for instance. The scolymos 

 blossoms late, and remains a considerable period in flower : 

 the acorna being distinguished only for its red colour and its 

 unctuous juice. The atractylis would be similar in every 

 respect to the last, were it not that it is somewhat whiter, 

 and produces a juice the colour of blood, a circumstance to 

 which it owes the name of " phonos," 73 given to it by some. 



63 He probably means the thistle, but possibly the artichoke, under this 

 name. See B. xix. cc. 19 and 43, and B. xx. c. 99. 



64 This is probably the same with the second variety of the " Cnecos," 

 mentioned above in c. 53, the Centaurea lanata, or benedicta. 



65 Probably the Carduus leucographus of Linna3us. 



66 According to Dalechamps, this is the Echinops ritro of modern 

 botany. 67 See c. 93 of this Book. 



69 " Many thorns." According to Dalechamps, this is the Carduus spi- 

 nosissiirus angustifolius vulgaris of C. Bauhin, the Cirsium spinosissimum 

 of Linnaeus. 



69 Identified by Dalechamps with the Onopordon Illyricum, or Acan- 

 tliium of modern botany. 



70 The Acarna gummifera of modern botanists, the flowers of which 

 yield a kind of gum with an agreeable smell. It is quite a different plant 

 from Wall pellitory, mentioned in B. xxii. c. 19, under this name. 



71 See B. xx. c. 99, and B. xxii. c. 43. 



72 The black chamaeleon is identified by Fee with the Brotera corym- 

 bosaof "Willdenow : the white variety, mentioned in B. xxii. c. 21, with the 

 Acarna gummifera of Willdenow, the Helxine above mentioned. Des- 

 fontaines identities it with the Carlina acaulis. 



7 -* See B. xxii. c. 8. 



73 The Greek for " blood" or " slaughter." 



VOL. IV. A A 



