Chap. 12.] EAISINS. 463 



CHAP. 10. GRAPE-HUSKS I EIGHT EEMEDIES. 



Grape-husks, used by themselves, are less injurious to the 

 head and bladder than grape-stones are : beaten up with salt, 

 they form an excellent liniment for inflammations of the ma- 

 millae. A^ decoction of them, taken in drink, or employed as 

 a fomentation, is good for inveterate dysentery, and cceliac af- 

 fections. 



CHAP. 1 1 . THE GRAPES OF THE THERTACA I FOUR REMEDIES. 



The grape of the theriaca, of which we have already made 

 mention 27 on the appropriate occasion, is eaten by way of anti- 

 dote to the stings of serpents. It is recommended, too, to eat 

 the young shoots of this tree, and to apply them topically. 

 The wine and vinegar made from these grapes are productive 

 of a similar salutary effect. 28 



CHAP. 12. RAISINS, OR ASTAPHIS I FOURTEEN REMEDIES. 



Raisins, the name given to which is " astaphis," would be 

 injurious to the stomach, abdomen, and intestines, were it not 

 for the stones within them, which act as a corrective. 29 When 

 the stones are removed, raisins, it is thought, are beneficial to 

 the bladder, and good for cough ; 30 in the last case, the raisin 

 of the white grape is considered the best. Raisins are good 

 also for the trachea and the kidneys, and the wine made from 

 them is particularly efficacious for the sting of the serpent 

 called heemorrho'is. 31 In combination with meal of cummin or 

 coriander, they are employed topically for inflammations of the 

 testes. For carbuncles and diseases of the joints, the stones 

 are removed, and the raisins are pounded with rue ; if used 

 for ulcers, the sores must be first fomented with wine. 



Used with the stones, raisins are a cure for epinyctis, honey- 

 comb ulcers, 32 and dysentery; and for gangrenes they are applied 

 topically with radish rind and honey, being first boiled in oil. 

 They are used with panax, 33 for gout and loose nails ; and they 



27 In B. xiv. c. 22. 



28 Hence the name " theriaca," from Qf/p, a " wild animal," and dicfo/itu, 

 " to cure." 



29 By reason, probably, of their astringent properties. 



30 Though no longer used medicinally, they are still considered to be 

 good pectorals. 31 See B. xx. cc. 23 and 81. 



32 " Ceria ;" known in modern medicine as " iavus." 



33 The Pastinaca opopanax of Linnaeus. Sec B. xii. c. 67. 



