Chap. 60.] AFFECTIONS OF THE BLADDER. 349 



which we have spoken 69 of as being found in the excrements 

 of the wolf, worn attached to the arm, are curative of diseases 

 of the colon, provided they have not been allowed to touch the 

 ground. Polea, too, a substance already mentioned, 70 is re- 

 markably useful for this purpose, boiled in grape juice : 71 the 

 same too with swine's dung, powdered and mixed with cum- 

 min, in a decoction of rue. The antler of a young stag, 

 reduced to ashes and taken in wine, mixed with African snails, 

 crushed with the shells on, is considered a very useful remedy. 



CHAP. 60. (15.) REMEDIES FOE AFFECTIONS OF THE BLADDEE, 



AND FOE UELNAEY CALCULI. 



Diseases of the bladder, and the torments attendant upon 

 calculi, are treated with the urine of a wild boar, or the 

 bladder of that animal taken as food ; both of them being still 

 more efficacious if they have been thoroughly soaked first. 

 The bladder, when eaten, should be boiled first, and if the 

 patient is a female, it should be a sow's bladder. There are 

 found in the liver of the wild boar certain small stones, 72 or 

 what in hardness resemble small stones, of a white hue, and 

 resembling those found in the liver of the common swine : if 

 these stones are pounded and taken in wine, they will expel 

 calculi, it is said. So oppressed is the wild boar by the bur- 

 den of his urine, 73 that if he has not first voided it, he is 

 unable to take to flight, and suffers himself to be taken as 

 though he were enchained to the spot. This urine, they say, 

 has a consuming effect upon urinary calculi. The kidneys of 

 a hare, dried and taken in wine, act as an expellent upon 

 calculi. We have already 74 mentioned that in the gammon of 

 the hog there are certain joint-bones ; a decoction made from 

 them is remarkably useful for urinary affections. The kidneys 

 of an ass, dried and pounded, and administered in undiluted 

 wine, are a cure for diseases of the bladder. The excrescences 

 that grow on horses' legs, taken for forty days in ordinary 

 wine or honied wine, expel urinary calculi. The ashes, too, of 



69 In c. 49 of this Book. 70 In c. 57 of this Book. 



71 " Sapa." Grape-juice boiled down to two-thirds : see B. xiv. c. 11. 



72 In reality, these are biliary calculi, found in the gall-bladder of the 

 animal. They are called " bezoar " stones, from a Persian word signifying 

 " destructive to poison." 



73 See B. viii. c. 77. 74 In c. 49 of this Book. 



