Chop. 27.] THE USE MADE OF CHRTSOCOLLA. 109 



.being dissolved for use by evaporation. 82 Both these kirn"!;* 

 arc prepared in Cyprus, M but the most esteemed is that made 

 in Armenia, the next best being that of Macedonia : it is Spain, 

 however, that produces the most. The great point of its ex- 

 cellence consists in its producing exactly the tint of corn \vhcn 

 in a state of the freshest verdure. 64 Before now, we have seen, 

 at the spectacles exhibited by the Emperor Nero, the arena of 

 the Circus entirely sanded with chrysocolla, when the prince 

 himself, clad in a dress of the same colour, was about to exhibit 

 as a charioteer.*' 5 



The unlearned multitude of artisans distinguish three 

 kinds of chrysocolla ; the rough chrysocolla, which is valued 

 at seven denarii per pound ; the middling, worth five denarii ; 

 and the bruised, also known as the "herbaceous" chryso- 

 colla, worth three denarii per pound. Before laying on the 

 sanded' 6 chrysocolla, they underlay coats of atramentum 87 

 and panctonium, M substances which make it hold, and im- 

 part a softness to the colours. The panctonium, as it is 

 naturally very unctuous, and, from its smoothness, extremely 

 tenacious, is laid on first, and is then covered with a coat of 

 atramentum, lest the panetonium, from its extreme whiteness, 

 should impart a paleness to the chrysocolla. The kind known 

 as " lutca," derives its name, it is thought, from the plant 

 called " luturn ;" which itself is often pounded with cocru- 

 leum w instead of real chrysocolla, and used for painting, 



prosint Chapter, and Chapter .07 of this Hook. Littrc renders the words 

 'in Innx iitum," kept "in the form of powder/' without reference to the 

 peculiar pigment known as " loimntum." M " Sudorc rc-solutis.* 1 



** A strong proof that chrysocolla v/as a preparation from copper, and 

 not cobalt. Copper owes iU name to the Isle of Cyprus, in which it \\as 

 found in jrreat abundance. See I'eckmaim's Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 4bO. 

 llofin'it J-'.tlitwn. 



M The colour now knovrn by painters as Emerald prern. 



c4 As a * 4 tri^arius." See 15. xxviii. c. 72, and 1J. xxix. c. 5. From 

 Suetonius, e. IS, we learn that the Emperor Calijrula, al*o, had the Circus 

 Banded with minium and chrysocolla. Ajassou is of opinion that tl.u 

 chrysocolla thus employrd was a kind of yellow mica or talc. 



so *t jVrenosain." lie alludes, prol).il>ly, to the kind prtviui^ly mentioned 

 ns " a.spera " or " rouirh chrysocolla." 



87 For its identification, see B. xxxiv. cc. 26, 32. 



* Sco B. xxxv. ec. 12, 18. 



* 9 Making a spurious kind of 'Momentum," possihly, n pigment men. 

 tioncd in c. >7 of this ]{ook. This passage seems to throw .^onie light, 

 upon the words tl in lonuutum," commtiiUd upon in Xotc 81 uhovc. 



