Chap. CO.] . AttTISTS WHO PAINTED WITH THE PENCIL. 2G3 



cuirass on, and his horse led by his side. Connoisseurs in the 

 art give the preference, before all other works of his, to his 

 paintings of King Archclaus on horseback, and of Diana 

 in the midst of a throng of Virgins performing a sacri- 

 fiee ; a work in which he would appear to .have surpassed 

 the lines" 4 of Homer descriptive of the same subject. lie 

 also portrayed some things, which in reality do not admit 

 of being portrayed thunder, lightning, and thunderbolts, in 

 pictures which are known by the respective names of Bronte, 

 Astrapo, and Ceraunobolia. 



His inventions, too, in the art of painting, have been highly 

 serviceable to others; but one thing there was in which no one 

 could imitate him. When his works were finished, he used to 

 cover them with a black varnish, of such remarkable thinness, 

 that while by the reflection it gave more vivacity to the colours, 

 and preserve 1 them from the contact of dust and dirt, its 

 existence could oiily be detected by a person when close enough 

 to touch it.* 5 In addition to this, there was also this other 

 great advantage attending it : the brightness of the colours 

 was softened thereby, and harmonized to the sight, looking as 

 though they had been viewed from a distance, and through a 

 medium of specular-stone ; M the contrivance, by some indescri- 

 bable means, giving a sombreuess to colours which would other- 

 wise have been too florid. 



One of the contemporaries of ApelUs was Aristides* 7 of 

 Thebes; the first of all the painters to give full expression to 

 the mind"* and passions of man, known to the Greeks as %t)r it 

 as well as to the mental perturbations which we experience : 

 he was somewhat harsh, however, in his colours. There is a 

 picture by him of a Captured City, in which is represented an 

 iufant crawling toward the breast of its wounded mother, who, 



* Odyss. 1J.V1. 1. 102, ct scq. 



85 Kir Joshua llcynnlds discovers in the account here given " an artist- 

 like description of the etfect of ^lazin^, or icumbling, such as was practised 

 by Titian und the rest of the Venetian painters.'' JVoto to DH fresnoy. 



* 5 " Lapis specularis." See B. xxxvi. c. 45. 



87 He was son of Aristodemus, and brother and pupil of Nicomachus, 

 in addition to Kuxenidas, already mentioned in this Chapter. He, Pau- 

 sanias, and Nicophanes, excelled, as we learn from Athcnaeus, B. xiii., in tho 

 portraits of courtesans; hence their name, iropvoypaQot. 



bs It has been well remarked by "\Vornum, in the article so often quoted, 

 that "expression of the feelings and passions cannot be denied to Tolyg- 

 notus, Apollodorus, Tarrhasius, Timauthes, and many others." 



