284 PLINY'S NATURAL HISTOUV. [BookXXXY. 



Butadcs first invented the method of colouring plastic com- 

 positions, by adding red earth to the material, or else modelling 

 them in red chalk : he, too, was the first to make musks on the 

 outer edges of gutter-tiles upon the roofs of buildings; in 

 low relief, and known as "prostypa" at first, but afterwards 

 in high relief, or " cctypa." It was in these designs, 44 too, that 

 the ornaments on the pediments of temples originated; 

 and from this invention modellers first had their name of 



cn.ip. 44. wno WAS TIIK FIRST TO MOULD FIGCKKS ix IMITATION 



OF TUK FEATCKLS OF LIVING PKUSONS, OK OF STATUES. 



The first person who expressed the human features by fitting 

 a mould of plaster upon the face, and then improving it by 

 pouring melted wax into the cast, was Lysistratus 46 of Sicyon, 

 brother of Lysippus, already mentioned. It was he, in i'act, 

 who first made it his study to give a faithful likeness ; for 

 before his time, artists only thought how to make their por- 

 traits as handsome as possible. The same artist, too, was the 

 first who thought of making models for his statues; a method 

 which afterwards became so universally adopted, that there 

 could be neither figure nor statue made without its model in 

 clay. Hence it would appear, that the art of modelling in 

 clay is more ancient than that of moulding in bronze. 47 



CHAP. -15. - THE MOST FAMOUS MODELLERS. 



The most celebrated modellers were Damophilus and Gor- 

 ga?us, who were painters as well. These artists adorned with 

 their works, in both kinds, the Temple of Ceres,* 11 in the Circus 

 Maximus at Koine ; with an inscription in Greek, which 

 stated that the decorations on the right-hand were the work- 

 manship of Damophilus, and those on the left, of Gorgasus. 

 Varro says that, before the construction of this temple, every. 

 thing was Tuscan 49 in the temples; and that, when the temple 

 was afterwards repaired, the painted coatings of the walls were 



15 Terra cotta figures. 



* c See B. xxxiv. c. 10. Tatian mentions a statue of Melanippe by Ly- 

 sh-tratus. 47 See B. xxxvi. c. -1. 



*' In the Eleventh Region of the City. This Temple of Ceres, Bacchus, 

 and Proserpine, in the Circus Maxinnis, \vns vowed hy A. I'oslhuniiiis. the 

 iJictator. A.U.C. 258, and dedicated by the consul Cassius, A.U.C. 2G1, 

 or B.C. 493. " See B. kxxiv. c. 1C. 



