Chap. 4.] ARTISTS WHO EXCELLED IN SCULPTURE. 317 



and the breadth from north to south sixty-three, tho two 

 fronts 76 being not so wide in extent. It is twenty-five cubits 

 in height, and is surrounded with six-and-thirty columns, 

 the outer circumference being known as the " Pteron." 77 The 

 east side was sculptured by Scopas, the north by Bryaxis, the 

 south by Timotheus, and the west by Leochares ; but, before 

 their task was completed, Queen Artemisia died."* They did 

 not leave their work, however, until it was finished, consider- 

 ing that it was at once u memorial of their own fame and uf 

 the sculptor's art: and, to this day even, it is undecided which 

 of them lias excelled. A fifth artist also took part in tho 

 work; for above the Pteron there is a pyramid erected, equal 

 in height to the building below, and formed of four and 

 twenty steps, which gradually taper upwards towards the 

 summit; a platform, crowned with a representation of a four- 

 horse chariot by Pythi*. This addition makes the total height 

 of the work OIK; hundred and forty feet.*' 



There is at Rome, by Timotheus, a Diana, in the Temple of 

 Apollo in the Palatium, the head of which has been replaced 

 by Avianius Evander/ 1 A Hercules, too, by Mem-stratus,*- is 

 greatly admired ; and there is a Hecate of his at Ephesus, in 



]fl Facing cast and west. 



77 Or <4 wii.g." The 4> ptora," or "pteromata," properly speaking, were 

 the two wing?, at the sides 'of a building. See Note 50 below. 



7r JShe only survived her husband two years. 



w ' Another reading, and perhaps a preferable one, is "one hundred*' feet 

 The account given by Pliny is very contused, and Littre has taken some 

 pains to explain the construction of this building. lie is of opinion that 

 in tho first plat". 1 , a quadrangular main building was erected, 03 feet in 

 length on the north and smith, the breadth of the cast and west faces 

 being shorter, some 42 feet perhaps. Secondly, that there was a screen uf 

 36 columns surrounding the main building, and 411 feet in circumference. 

 (He adopts this reading in preference to the 440 feet of the Bambbrg MS.) 

 That the longer sides of this screen were 113.25 feet in extent, and tho 

 shorter 1)2.11.3 feet. That between the main building; and this screen, or 

 colonnade, there was an interval of 25.125 feet. Thirdly, that the colon- 

 nade and the main buildings were muted by a vaulted roof, and that this 

 union- formed the * Pteron." Fourthly, "that rising from this Pteron, 

 there was a quadrangular truncated pyramid, formed of twenty-four steps, 

 and Kiirmounitd with a chariot of marble. This would allow, speaking in 

 rouul numbers, 37$ feet for the height of the main body of the building, 

 37} feet for the pyramid, and twenty-five feet for the height of the chariot 

 and the figure which it doubtless contained. 



M Supposed to be the person alluded to by Horace. 1 Sat. 3, 90. 



K - lie is mentioned al.o by Tatiau, and is t>uppoacd to have lived about 

 the time of Alexander the Great. 



