INDEX. 



447 



262-265 ; general physiognomy of, 

 218, 219; principally determined by 

 sixteen forms of plants, 221 ; vital 

 force of, illustrated by Epicharmus, 

 383-385. 



Negroes, various hordes of, in Africa, 19. 



Nemterequeteba, the ancient Peruvian 

 "messenger of God," 397,425,426. 



Nevado de Sorata, immense elevation of, 

 43. 



de Illimani, elevation of, 43. 



situation and elevation of peaks, 204. 



New Granada, the ancient seat of civiliza- 

 tion, 425, 426; the native land of the 

 potato, 426, 427. 



Niagara, origin of the falls of, 165. 



Nile, on the sources of the, 115-129; 

 windings of,in Abyssinia, 157. 



Noon-day, the stillness of in the tropics, 

 contrasted with the night, 200; all 

 larger animals then take refuge in the 

 forest, 201. 



OAKS, cover the mountain plains of the 

 equator in South America, 231 ; im- 

 mense size and age of an oak in the 

 department of Charente, 275 ; elevated 

 situation of, growing in Mexico, 135. 



Oases, of the African desert, 2, 3 ; num- 

 ber of, iu Egypt, 44; the name of, 

 Egyptian, 45. 



Ocean, vegetation of the, 48, 49; phos- 

 phorescence of the, 212, 245. 



Ocellinaj, the, 253. 



Oco, rock of, 163. 



Opuntiaceae, 310. 



Orange River, its elevation, 58. 



trees, number and magnitude of, in 



the Huertas de Pucara, 400. 



Orehidese, natural history of the, 312, 

 313; one of the vegetable forms by 

 which the aspect of Nature is princi- 

 pally determined, 226, 227. 



Oregon, territory of, 35 ; temperature of, 

 104. 



Orinoco, the wild luxuriance of its re- 

 gions, 19; rock engravings on the 

 banks of, 82 ; the great steppe extend- 

 ing from the mouth of the, 81 ; ac- 

 counts of the cataracts of, 153 et seq.; 

 the name unknown in the interior of 

 the country, 1 55 ; simply called " the 

 river, 1 ' 1 55 ; current produced by the, 

 155; the mighty waters of pouredinto the 

 Atlantic, 156; general description of, 

 157 et seq.; its general course aud 



remarkable windings, 159 ; picturesque 

 rocky vales of, 161; its course along 

 the chain of the Parime, 161, 162; 

 separates the forest of Guiana from the 

 extensive savannahs, 162; danger to 

 boatmen from floating forest trees, 162; 

 possesses the singular property of 

 colouring black the reddish masses of 

 granite, 163, 164; on the sources of 

 the, 158, 175, 176, 178, 180; the 

 ancient water level considerably de- 

 pressed, 164; illustrative notes, 174- 

 1 90 ; passes through the mountains of 

 the Parime, 200. 



Orotava, colossal dragon- tree of, 268, 269. 



Orphic Argonaut, mythical narrations of, 

 265. 



Otaheiti, sugar cane of, 25. 



Otomacs, or Ottomaks, a tribe of Indians 

 who eat earth, lizards, &c., 20, 142, 

 143; observations on, 144, 145; the 

 poison curare used by, 151. 



Ox, the constant attendant of man, 17; 

 everywhere exposed to attack, 17. 



PACARAIMA MOUNTAINS, 182, 183, 184. 



, latitude of, 185, 186. 



Pachydermata, 222. 



Pacific Ocean, first view of, from the 

 Guangamarca of the Andes, 419; im- 

 mense advantages to be derived from a 

 direct communication with the Atlan- 

 tic, 433. 



Paco, of South America, 126. 



Padano River, 176,179. 



Padurello, 212. 



Palms of South America, 12, 13, 135,' 

 136, 298; the Piriguao, one of the 

 noblest forms of the, 161, 185; the 

 family of, 221; the most stately of all 

 vegetable forms, by which the aspect 

 of nature is principally determined, 

 223 ; on the habitat and natural his- 

 tory of, 297-304; form and colour of 

 the" fruit, 303. 



Pampa de Navar, 406. 



Pampas of South America, 2; general 

 observation on, 29. 



Panama, Isthmus of, various measure- 

 ments of, 434, 435. 



Paragua, a general name for water or 

 sea, 193. 



Paraguamusi River, 183. 



Paramo de la Suma Paz, the mountain 

 group of the Caracas, its elevation, 

 vegetation, &c., 4, 84; the highest 



