EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS OF NETWORKS 



609 



fundamentals, and some familiarity with this work is assumed on the part 

 of the reader. Concerning these tools two reservations need be made. In 

 the first place the tools apply to planar rather than to cylindrical structures. 

 Since, however, there is a decided tendency toward planar structures, 

 especially in the high-frequency field, because of a desire for uniform electron 

 streams, this limitation does not seem serious. In the second place the tools 

 are also subject to the limitation of a single-valued velocity electron stream. 



<>P 



Go 



Co 



Iv. 



■oC 



Fig. 16 — Vurrent- voltage relations for the grounded cathode triode. 



Go- 



•op 



■OG 



|V. 



CO- 



1 / 



/ 



Fig. 17 — Current- voltage relations for the grounded grid triode. 



Fig. 18 — Current- voltage relations for the grounded plate triode. 



This, again, is not too serious, since one of the aims in present high-frequency 

 tube design is to produce as uniform a stream as possible. Nevertheless, 

 the effects produced by multiple velocities are important to know. Studies 

 along such lines have been made by Mr. Frank Gray of these Laboratories. 

 The operating conditions of the triode are assumed to be quite general. 

 There are, for example, no restrictions placed upon frequency and space 

 charge and the grid may, moreover, have either positive or negative d-c 

 potential with respect to the cathode. 



^ F. B. Llewellyn and L. C. Peterson, "Vacuum Tube Networks," Proceedings of the 

 I.R.E., March, 1944. 



