622 BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL 



It may be calculated from 



V2v (VVm + 



where v = 10^ - = 1.76 X IQi^ 

 m 



Vdi = equivalent d-c grid potential 



Vd2 — anode d-c potential 



^ _^ 22 ^2 VV^i + 2VV 



f = 



k = 



9 ^1 Vv^i + Vv_ 



__ VVm+VV^, 

 VVni + 2VV, 



m 



V F^i + VVn2 



With the aid of these tables and Fig. 8 the equivalent circuits on Figs. 25, 

 26 and 27 are obtained. The networks are all of the resistance-capacity 

 type. It may be noted that, in some of the branches, negative conductance 

 or negative capacitance appears. However, as seen from the external tube 

 terminals they are swamped by corresponding positive elements. 



The viewpoints presented in this paper have been used by the writer over 

 a number of years. They have been given experimental application by 

 Mr. J. A. Morton, who is principally responsible for their introduction and 

 use in the studies in these Laboratories of electron tubes in the microwave 

 regions. 



With this, our investigation comes to a close. Much has been omitted, 

 particularly in the field of applications, but it is nevertheless hoped the funda- 

 mental approach, as well as the networks given, may prove to be useful in 

 practical applications. The questions of noise and of optimum noise figure 

 design have also been left out of consideration. Mr. J. A. Morton and the 

 writer plan to discuss these problems in a forthcoming paper. 



The writer is pleased to acknowledge his indebtedness to Messrs. R. K. 

 Potter, J. A. Morton, and R. M. Ryder, who have encouraged this work 

 and urged its publication; and to Mr. W. E. Kirkpatrick for constructively 

 critical scrutiny of the original technical memorandum. 



