PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPEECH AND MUSIC 373 



tuba, the bass viol, and the kettle drum, and its value is about 40 c.p.s. 

 The upper limit is determined by the snare drum, the violin, and 

 the cymbals, and is shown to be about 15,000 c.p.s. Summarizing, 

 then, for music the range of pitches covered by the components is 



ACTUAL TONE RANGE 



Miliiimnii ACCOMPANYING NOISE RANGE 

 -CUT-OFF PITCH AT WHICH 80* OF THE OBSERVERS 

 COULD DETECT THE FILTER 



TYMPANI 

 BASS DRUM 

 SNARE DRUM 

 14"CYMBALS 



BASS VIOL 

 CELLO 

 PIANO 

 VIOLIN 



BASS TUBA 

 TROMBONE 

 FRENCH HORN 

 TRUMPET 



BASS SAXOPHONE 



BASSOON 



BASS CLARINET 



CLARINET 



OBOE 



SOPRANO SAXOPHONE 



FLUTE 

 PICCOLO 



MALE SPEECH 

 FEMALE SPEECH 



FOOTSTEPS 

 HAND CLAPPING 

 KEY JINGLING 



-1 



PITCH 



+3 +4 



Fig. 21 — Audible pitch range for speech, music and noise. 



from — 4.7 to + 3.9 octaves, corresponding to the frequency range 

 from 40 to 15,000 cycles per second. The intensity ranges from about 

 70 watts to 4 microwatts, corresponding to an intensity level range of 

 73 db going from the average level of the softest violin playing to the 

 peaks in the heaviest playing of a full 75-piece orchestra. 



