674 



BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL 



anced arrangement eliminating the necessity of a "ground " connection ; 

 furthermore, it does not place any frequency limitation upon the 

 system. 



TO 

 RECEIVER 



HORIZONTAL COMPONENT 

 OF WAVE DIRECTION 



TERMINATION 



VERTICAL COMPONENT 

 OF WAVE DIRECTION 



SIDE VIEW 



TO 

 RECEIVER 



^^ • ^//////^}/// y////^^/////. 



\ 



TERMINATION 



GROUND 



Fig. 14 — The horizontal diamond-shaped antenna. 



The antenna in Fig. 14 may be used with its plane either vertical or 

 horizontal, being responsive, respectively, to vertically or horizontally 

 polarized waves. It has found its greatest application in its horizontal 

 form, however, due to reasons enumerated below. 



(a) The supporting structure in its horizontal form is less costly, 



since only four relatively short poles are required. 



(b) The inherent high angle directive characteristics of horizontal 



antennas discriminate against ignition, power, and other noises 

 originating near the ground. 



(c) The solid directive diagram of the diamond-shaped antenna is 



sharpest in the plane of the antenna. Since the direction of 

 wave propagation is more stable in the horizontal plane, it is 

 desirable to have the plane of the antenna horizontal. 



(d) The directivity of the horizontal diamond- shaped antenna can be 



aimed, to some extent, at the most desirable vertical angle 

 merely by altering the "tilt" angle of the antenna. 



(e) The performance of the horizontal antenna is stable with varying 



weather conditions, since horizontally polarized waves are less 

 affected than are the vertical by varying ground constants. 



