CHENOPODIACE^ 309 



machinery into narrow strips ("cossettes")- These strips 

 are placed in diffusion vessels, treated with water at a tem- 

 perature of about 80 to 84°C., and the sugar extracted by 

 diffusion. The juice is then run into large tanks, where milk 

 of lime is added to it. The liming is followed by the intro- 

 duction of carbonic acid, which precipitates the lime as a car- 

 bonate and salts of the acids of the juice. The precipitate 

 carries down most of the impurities in the juice. When the 

 first " carbonatation " process is about completed, the juice 

 is heated nearly to the boiling point, filter-pressed, and the 

 filtrate lead into a second carbonatation tank. This may be 

 followed by a third carbonatation. The purified juice is 

 concentrated by boiling, and crystaUization brought about 

 in vacuum evaporators. The material that comes from the 

 vacuum evaporators is a mixture of crystals and molasses. 

 This mixture ("masscuite") is placed in centrigufal machines 

 lined with fine sieves; here the molasses is driven out and the 

 sugar retained. The sugar is next fed into the granulator, 

 where the crystals are separated from each other during the 

 drying process. The molasses from the first boiling is again 

 boiled, and further crystaUization brought about. 



By-products of Manufacture. — After the sugar has been 

 removed from the sliced beets, there is left a substance known 

 as "beet pulp." This is a valued stock food. However, it 

 cannot be made the sole ration of an animal, as it is deficient 

 in nitrogenous food materials. Beet pulp is sometimes dried, 

 mixed with molasses, and fed to dairy cows. Molasses from 

 the second boiling is also valued as a stock food. The refuse 

 that accumulates in the purification process is sometimes 

 employed as a fertihzer. It has been demonstrated that it is 

 possible to manufacture fusel oil, alcohol, rum, and vinegar 

 from the refuse molasses. There are many other ways of 

 utiHzing sugar-beet molasses, 



